case语句开发

case语句开发

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case语句用在当脚本中需要频繁使用if、elif、else时候，能够简化繁琐的if判断。

case语法

case "变量"    in 
    值1)
            代码1。。
            ;;
    值2)
            代码2。。
            ;;
    *)
            代码3。。
esac

解释：

case将获取的变量的值和表达式的条件值比较，匹配上了就执行对应的代码，到分号结束。

特殊理解下

case "找老公" in
     家里十套房)
             没问题，嫁了!
             ;;
     家里有背景)
             没问题，嫁了！
             ;;
     男孩在努力的拼搏)
             先加个微信，聊一聊！
             ;;
         *)
             我还有事，先走了！886
esac

图解

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case条件语句实践

猜用户输入的数字

[root@chaogelinux shell_program]# cat case_1.sh
#!/bin/bash

read -p "Please input a number:" num
case "$num" in
    1)
        echo "你输入的是1"
        ;;
    2)
        echo "你输入的是2"
        ;;
    [3-9])
        echo "你输入的是3～9的数字：$num"
        ;;
    *)
        echo "你输入的全不对，退下吧"
        exit;
        ;;
esac

执行结果

[root@chaogelinux shell_program]# bash case_1.sh
Please input a number:2
你输入的是2
[root@chaogelinux shell_program]# bash case_1.sh
Please input a number:1
你输入的是1
[root@chaogelinux shell_program]# bash case_1.sh
Please input a number:3
你输入的是3～9的数字：3
[root@chaogelinux shell_program]# bash case_1.sh
Please input a number:5
你输入的是3～9的数字：5
[root@chaogelinux shell_program]# bash case_1.sh
Please input a number:0
你输入的全不对，退下吧

大家会发现，case语句，笔记if简单了

开发一个菜单脚本

学一个字体加颜色

[root@chaogelinux shell_program]# echo -e "\E[1;31m红色字\E[0m"
红色字

[root@chaogelinux shell_program]# echo -e "\033[31m红色字\033[0m"
红色字

有关linux输出颜色，大家可以自行搜索语法，无需记忆，搜索使用即可

脚本代码如下

[root@chaogelinux shell_program]# cat case_menu.sh
#!/bin/bash
RED_COLOR='\E[1;31m'
GREEN_COLOR='\E[1;32m'
YELLOW_COLOR='\E[1;33m'
BLUE_COLOR='\E[1;34m'
RES='\E[0m'

# 帮助函数
usage(){
    echo "Usage: $0 {1|2|3|4}"
    exit 1
}


menu(){
    cat <<END
        1.apple
        2.banana
        3.orange
END
}

choose(){
    read -p "请选择一种水果：" fruit
    case "$fruit" in
        1)
            echo -e "${RED_COLOR}allple${RES}"
            ;;
        2)
            echo -e "${GREEN_COLOR}pear${RES}"
            ;;
        3)
            echo -e "${YELLOW_COLOR}banana${RES}"
            ;;
        *)
            usage
    esac
}


main(){
    menu
    choose
}

main

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Linux系统脚本范例

case主要还是用于起停脚本，适合变量值较少，且为固定数字或字符的情况。

如/etc/init.d/mysql部分case语句代码

# source other config files
[ -f /etc/default/mysql ] && . /etc/default/mysql
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/mysql ] && . /etc/sysconfig/mysql
[ -f /etc/conf.d/mysql ] && . /etc/conf.d/mysql

case "$mode" in
  'start')
    # Start daemon

    # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)
    cd $basedir

    echo $echo_n "Starting MariaDB"
    if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe
    then
      # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
      # may be overwritten at next upgrade.
      $bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" "$@" &
      wait_for_ready; return_value=$?

      # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE
      if test -w "$lockdir"
      then
        touch "$lock_file_path"
      fi

      exit $return_value
    else
      log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MariaDB server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)"
    fi
    ;;

  'stop')
    # Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the
    # root password.

    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
    then
      mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`

      if su_kill -0 $mysqld_pid ; then
        echo $echo_n "Shutting down MariaDB"
        su_kill $mysqld_pid
        # mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it.
        wait_for_gone $mysqld_pid "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
      else
        log_failure_msg "MariaDB server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!"
        rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      fi

      # Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE
      if test -f "$lock_file_path"
      then
        rm -f "$lock_file_path"
      fi
      exit $return_value
    else
      log_failure_msg "MariaDB server PID file could not be found!"
    fi
    ;;

  'restart')
    # Stop the service and regardless of whether it was
    # running or not, start it again.
    if $0 stop  "$@"; then
      if ! $0 start "$@"; then
        log_failure_msg "Failed to restart server."
        exit 1
      fi
    else
      log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start."
      exit 1
    fi
    ;;

  'reload'|'force-reload')
    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
      read mysqld_pid <  "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      su_kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MariaDB"
      touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
    else
      log_failure_msg "MariaDB PID file could not be found!"
      exit 1
    fi
    ;;
  'status')
    # First, check to see if pid file exists
    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
      read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      if su_kill -0 $mysqld_pid ; then
        log_success_msg "MariaDB running ($mysqld_pid)"
        exit 0
      else
        log_failure_msg "MariaDB is not running, but PID file exists"
        exit 1
      fi
    else
      # Try to find appropriate mysqld process
      mysqld_pid=`pgrep -f $libexecdir/mysqld`

      # test if multiple pids exist
      pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w`
      if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then
        log_failure_msg "Multiple MariaDB running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)"
        exit 5
      elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then
        if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then
          log_failure_msg "MariaDB is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists"
          exit 2
        fi
        log_failure_msg "MariaDB is not running"
        exit 3
      else
        log_failure_msg "MariaDB is running but PID file could not be found"
        exit 4
      fi
    fi
    ;;
  'configtest')
    # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)
    cd $basedir
    echo $echo_n "Testing MariaDB configuration syntax"
    daemon=$bindir/mysqld
    if test -x $libexecdir/mysqld
    then
      daemon=$libexecdir/mysqld
    elif test -x $sbindir/mysqld
    then
      daemon=$sbindir/mysqld
    elif test -x `which mysqld`
    then
      daemon=`which mysqld`
    else
      log_failure_msg "Unable to locate the mysqld binary!"
      exit 1
    fi
    help_out=`$daemon --help 2>&1`; r=$?
    if test "$r" != 0 ; then
      log_failure_msg "$help_out"
      log_failure_msg "There are syntax errors in the server configuration. Please fix them!"
    else
      log_success_msg "Syntax OK"
    fi
    exit $r
    ;;
  'bootstrap')
      if test "$_use_systemctl" == 1 ; then
        log_failure_msg "Please use galera_new_cluster to start the mariadb service with --wsrep-new-cluster"
        exit 1
      fi
      # Bootstrap the cluster, start the first node
      # that initiate the cluster
      echo $echo_n "Bootstrapping the cluster.. "
      $0 start $other_args --wsrep-new-cluster
      exit $?
      ;;
  *)
      # usage
      basename=`basename "$0"`
      echo "Usage: $basename  {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|bootstrap}  [ MariaDB server options ]"
      exit 1
    ;;
esac