一些便捷的ES语法使用记录

Object.values()

const exampleObj = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d:4};
console.log(Object.value(exampleObj)); // [1, 2, 3, 4];

Object.keys()

const values = Object.keys(exampleObj).map(key => exampleObj[key]);

Object.entries()

const exampleObj = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d:4};
console.log(Object.entries(exampleObj)); // [["a", 1], ["b", 2], ["c", 3], ["d", 4]];

for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(exampleObj)) {
  console.log(`key: ${key}, value: ${value}`);
}

字符串 padStart()

String.padStart(fillingLength, FillingContent);
'100'.padStart(5, '987'); // 98100

字符串 padEnd()

'100'.padStart(5, '987'); // 10098

ES9 异步迭代器

允许 await 与 for 循环一起使用，逐步执行异步操作

async function process(array) {
  for await (const i of array) {
    doSomething(i);
  }
}

Math.max()

const values = [19, 90, -2, 6, 25];
console.log( Math.max(...values) ); // 90

正则表达式组

RegExp 可以返回匹配的数据包

const regExpDate = /([0-9]{4})-([0-9]{2})-([0-9]{2})/;
const match      = regExpDate.exec('2020-06-25');
const year       = match[1]; // 2020
const month      = match[2]; // 06
const day        = match[3]; // 25

Array.prototype.flat()

展平阵列

const arr1 = [1, 2, [3, 4]];
arr1.flat(); // [1, 2, 3, 4]
const arr2 = [1, 2, [3, 4, [5, 6]]];
arr2.flat(); // [1, 2, 3, 4, [5, 6]]
arr2.flat(2); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

Array.prototype.flatMap()

展平一个维度

let arr = ["早安", "", "今天天氣不錯"]
arr.map(s => s.split(""))
// [["早", "安"], [""], ["今", "天", "天", "氣", "不", "錯"]]
arr.flatMap(s => s.split(''));
// ["早", "安", "", "今", "天", "天", "氣", "不", "錯"]

String.prototype.trimStart()

开头删除空格，别名trimLeft()

const greeting = ‘ Hello world! ‘;
console.log(greeting.trimStart());
// expected output: “Hello world! “;

String.prototype.trimEnd()

末尾删除空格，别名trimRight()

const greeting = '   Hello world!   ';
console.log(greeting.trimEnd());
// expected output: "   Hello world!";

Object.fromEntries()

将键值对列表转换为对象

const entries = new Map([
  ['foo', 'bar'],
  ['baz', 42]
]);
const obj = Object.fromEntries(entries);
console.log(obj);
// expected output: Object { foo: "bar", baz: 42 }

Promise.allSettled()

返回一个在所有给定的 Promise 都已实现或拒绝后实现的 Promise，并带有一组对象，每个对象都描述了每个 Promise 的结果

const promise1 = Promise.resolve(3);
const promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(reject, 100, 'foo'));
const promises = [promise1, promise2];
Promise.allSettled(promises).
  then((results) => results.forEach((result) => console.log(result.status)));
// expected output:
// "fulfilled"
// "rejected"

可选链接？

//如果存在，获取name的值，如果不存在，赋值undefined
const username = user?.name || 'guest';

Nullish 合并运算符 ??

在JavaScript中，遇到0、null、undefuded时会自动转为false，但有时0其实是一个正常的值，只能容错undefined和null

const username = user.level ?? 'no level'; 
// output 0. if level is not available, it becomes 'no level'.

Dynamic-import

在需要的时候加载相关的逻辑

el.onclick = () => {
    import(`/js/current-logic.js`)
    .then((module) => {
        module.doSomthing();
    })
    .catch((err) => {
        handleError(err);
    })
}

||= , &&= , ??=

ES2021 会提出 ||= , &&= , ??= ，概念类似于 += ：

let b = 2
b += 1 
// equal to b = b + 1
let a = null
a ||= 'some random text'  // a become to'some random text'
// equal a = a || 'some random text'
let c = 'some random texts'
c &&= null  // c become to null
// equal to c = c && null
let d = null
d ??= false  // d become to false
// equal to d = d ?? false