uboot global_data

最近在尝试自己移植uboot，通过笔记的形式把自己弄明白的记录下来。

global_data存在的意义

在某些情况下，uboot是在某些只读存储器上运行，比如ROM、nor flash等等。
在uboot被重定向到RAM（可读可写）之前，我们都无法写入数据，更无法通过全局变量来传递数据。
而global_data则是为了解决这个问题。

global_data简单介绍

global_data又称之为GD.
简单地说，uboot把global_data放在RAM区，并且使用global_data来存储全局数据。由此来解决上述场景中无法使用全局变量的问题。

global_data定义

u-boot-v2020.07\include\asm-generic\global_data.h

typedef struct global_data {
	struct bd_info *bd;
	unsigned long flags;
	unsigned int baudrate;
	unsigned long cpu_clk;		/* CPU clock in Hz!		*/
	unsigned long bus_clk;
	/* We cannot bracket this with CONFIG_PCI due to mpc5xxx */
	unsigned long pci_clk;
	unsigned long mem_clk;
#if defined(CONFIG_LCD) || defined(CONFIG_VIDEO) || defined(CONFIG_DM_VIDEO)
	unsigned long fb_base;		/* Base address of framebuffer mem */
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_POST)
	unsigned long post_log_word;	/* Record POST activities */
	unsigned long post_log_res;	/* success of POST test */
	unsigned long post_init_f_time;	/* When post_init_f started */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BOARD_TYPES
	unsigned long board_type;
#endif
	unsigned long have_console;	/* serial_init() was called */
#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(PRE_CONSOLE_BUFFER)
	unsigned long precon_buf_idx;	/* Pre-Console buffer index */
#endif
	unsigned long env_addr;		/* Address  of Environment struct */
	unsigned long env_valid;	/* Environment valid? enum env_valid */
	unsigned long env_has_init;	/* Bitmask of boolean of struct env_location offsets */
	int env_load_prio;		/* Priority of the loaded environment */

	unsigned long ram_base;		/* Base address of RAM used by U-Boot */
	unsigned long ram_top;		/* Top address of RAM used by U-Boot */
	unsigned long relocaddr;	/* Start address of U-Boot in RAM */
	phys_size_t ram_size;		/* RAM size */
	unsigned long mon_len;		/* monitor len */
	unsigned long irq_sp;		/* irq stack pointer */
	unsigned long start_addr_sp;	/* start_addr_stackpointer */
	unsigned long reloc_off;
	struct global_data *new_gd;	/* relocated global data */

#ifdef CONFIG_DM
	struct udevice	*dm_root;	/* Root instance for Driver Model */
	struct udevice	*dm_root_f;	/* Pre-relocation root instance */
	struct list_head uclass_root;	/* Head of core tree */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TIMER
	struct udevice	*timer;		/* Timer instance for Driver Model */
#endif

	const void *fdt_blob;		/* Our device tree, NULL if none */
	void *new_fdt;			/* Relocated FDT */
	unsigned long fdt_size;		/* Space reserved for relocated FDT */
#ifdef CONFIG_OF_LIVE
	struct device_node *of_root;
#endif

#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(MULTI_DTB_FIT)
	const void *multi_dtb_fit;	/* uncompressed multi-dtb FIT image */
#endif
	struct jt_funcs *jt;		/* jump table */
	char env_buf[32];		/* buffer for env_get() before reloc. */
#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE
	void		*trace_buff;	/* The trace buffer */
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_SYS_I2C)
	int		cur_i2c_bus;	/* current used i2c bus */
#endif
	unsigned int timebase_h;
	unsigned int timebase_l;
#if CONFIG_VAL(SYS_MALLOC_F_LEN)
	unsigned long malloc_base;	/* base address of early malloc() */
	unsigned long malloc_limit;	/* limit address */
	unsigned long malloc_ptr;	/* current address */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PCI
	struct pci_controller *hose;	/* PCI hose for early use */
	phys_addr_t pci_ram_top;	/* top of region accessible to PCI */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PCI_BOOTDELAY
	int pcidelay_done;
#endif
	struct udevice *cur_serial_dev;	/* current serial device */
	struct arch_global_data arch;	/* architecture-specific data */
#ifdef CONFIG_CONSOLE_RECORD
	struct membuff console_out;	/* console output */
	struct membuff console_in;	/* console input */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DM_VIDEO
	ulong video_top;		/* Top of video frame buffer area */
	ulong video_bottom;		/* Bottom of video frame buffer area */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BOOTSTAGE
	struct bootstage_data *bootstage;	/* Bootstage information */
	struct bootstage_data *new_bootstage;	/* Relocated bootstage info */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_LOG
	int log_drop_count;		/* Number of dropped log messages */
	int default_log_level;		/* For devices with no filters */
	struct list_head log_head;	/* List of struct log_device */
	int log_fmt;			/* Mask containing log format info */
#endif
#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(BLOBLIST)
	struct bloblist_hdr *bloblist;	/* Bloblist information */
	struct bloblist_hdr *new_bloblist;	/* Relocated blolist info */
# ifdef CONFIG_SPL
	struct spl_handoff *spl_handoff;
# endif
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_TRANSLATION_OFFSET)
	fdt_addr_t translation_offset;	/* optional translation offset */
#endif
#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(WDT)
	struct udevice *watchdog_dev;
#endif
} gd_t;

gd在哪申请的内存空间？

u-boot-v2020.07\arch\arm\lib\crt0.S 调用board_init_f_alloc_reserve

/*
 * entry point of crt0 sequence
 */

ENTRY(_main)

/*
 * Set up initial C runtime environment and call board_init_f(0).
 */

# 预设堆栈空间地址
#if defined(CONFIG_TPL_BUILD) && defined(CONFIG_TPL_NEEDS_SEPARATE_STACK)
	ldr	r0, =(CONFIG_TPL_STACK)
#elif defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) && defined(CONFIG_SPL_STACK)
	ldr	r0, =(CONFIG_SPL_STACK)
#else
	ldr	r0, =(CONFIG_SYS_INIT_SP_ADDR)
#endif
	bic	r0, r0, #7	/* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */
	mov	sp, r0
	bl	board_init_f_alloc_reserve   /*调用这个函数申请空间*/
	mov	sp, r0
	/* set up gd here, outside any C code */
	mov	r9, r0
	bl	board_init_f_init_reserve /*初始化*/

#if defined(CONFIG_SPL_EARLY_BSS)
	SPL_CLEAR_BSS
#endif

	mov	r0, #0
	bl	board_init_f

#if ! defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD)

/*
 * Set up intermediate environment (new sp and gd) and call
 * relocate_code(addr_moni). Trick here is that we'll return
 * 'here' but relocated.
 */

	ldr	r0, [r9, #GD_START_ADDR_SP]	/* sp = gd->start_addr_sp */
	bic	r0, r0, #7	/* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */
	mov	sp, r0
	ldr	r9, [r9, #GD_NEW_GD]		/* r9 <- gd->new_gd */

	adr	lr, here
	ldr	r0, [r9, #GD_RELOC_OFF]		/* r0 = gd->reloc_off */
	add	lr, lr, r0
#if defined(CONFIG_CPU_V7M)
	orr	lr, #1				/* As required by Thumb-only */
#endif
	ldr	r0, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR]		/* r0 = gd->relocaddr */
	b	relocate_code
here:
/*
 * now relocate vectors
 */

	bl	relocate_vectors

/* Set up final (full) environment */

	bl	c_runtime_cpu_setup	/* we still call old routine here */
#endif
#if !defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) || CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(FRAMEWORK)

#if !defined(CONFIG_SPL_EARLY_BSS)
	SPL_CLEAR_BSS
#endif

# ifdef CONFIG_SPL_BUILD
	/* Use a DRAM stack for the rest of SPL, if requested */
	bl	spl_relocate_stack_gd
	cmp	r0, #0
	movne	sp, r0
	movne	r9, r0
# endif

#if ! defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD)
	bl coloured_LED_init
	bl red_led_on
#endif
	/* call board_init_r(gd_t *id, ulong dest_addr) */
	mov     r0, r9                  /* gd_t */
	ldr	r1, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR]	/* dest_addr */
	/* call board_init_r */
#if CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(SYS_THUMB_BUILD)
	ldr	lr, =board_init_r	/* this is auto-relocated! */
	bx	lr
#else
	ldr	pc, =board_init_r	/* this is auto-relocated! */
#endif
	/* we should not return here. */
#endif

ENDPROC(_main)

board_init_f_alloc_reserve在哪定义？

u-boot-v2020.07\common\init\board_init.c 77行

这个函数用于给global_data分配空间，在relocation之前调用

传入的参数是顶部地址，但是不一定是要内存顶部的地址，可以自己进行规划

/*
 * Allocate reserved space for use as 'globals' from 'top' address and
 * return 'bottom' address of allocated space
 *
 * Notes:
 *
 * Actual reservation cannot be done from within this function as
 * it requires altering the C stack pointer, so this will be done by
 * the caller upon return from this function.
 *
 * IMPORTANT:
 *
 * Alignment constraints may differ for each 'chunk' allocated. For now:
 *
 * - GD is aligned down on a 16-byte boundary
 *
 *  - the early malloc arena is not aligned, therefore it follows the stack
 *   alignment constraint of the architecture for which we are bulding.
 *
 *  - GD is allocated last, so that the return value of this functions is
 *   both the bottom of the reserved area and the address of GD, should
 *   the calling context need it.
 */

ulong board_init_f_alloc_reserve(ulong top)
{
	/* Reserve early malloc arena */
#if CONFIG_VAL(SYS_MALLOC_F_LEN)
	top -= CONFIG_VAL(SYS_MALLOC_F_LEN);
#endif
	/* LAST : reserve GD (rounded up to a multiple of 16 bytes) */
	top = rounddown(top-sizeof(struct global_data), 16);
    /* 继续向下分配sizeof(struct global_data)大小的内存给global_data使用，向下16byte对齐
    这时候得到的地址就是global_data的地址。*/
	return top;
}

board_init_f_init_reserve在哪定义？

u-boot-v2020.07\common\init\board_init.c 131行

void board_init_f_init_reserve(ulong base)
{
	struct global_data *gd_ptr;

	/*
	 * clear GD entirely and set it up.
	 * Use gd_ptr, as gd may not be properly set yet.
	 */

	gd_ptr = (struct global_data *)base;
	/* zero the area */
	memset(gd_ptr, '\0', sizeof(*gd));  // 将global_data清零
	/* set GD unless architecture did it already */
#if !defined(CONFIG_ARM)
	arch_setup_gd(gd_ptr);
#endif

	if (CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(SYS_REPORT_STACK_F_USAGE))
		board_init_f_init_stack_protection_addr(base);

	/* next alloc will be higher by one GD plus 16-byte alignment */
	base += roundup(sizeof(struct global_data), 16);
    // 因为global_data区域是16Byte对齐的，对齐后，后面的地址就是early malloc的内存池的地址，具体参考上述board_init_f_alloc_reserve
    // 所以这里就获取了early malloc的内存池的地址
	/*
	 * record early malloc arena start.
	 * Use gd as it is now properly set for all architectures.
	 */

#if CONFIG_VAL(SYS_MALLOC_F_LEN)
	/* go down one 'early malloc arena' */
	gd->malloc_base = base;  // 将内存池的地址写入到gd->malloc_base中
#endif

	if (CONFIG_IS_ENABLED(SYS_REPORT_STACK_F_USAGE))
		board_init_f_init_stack_protection();
}

暂时粗略的明白了，细节等以后弄懂了再补充吧
参考 https://blog.csdn.net/ooonebook/article/details/53013545