单件模式算是一个较为容易的设计模式,但也是重要的设计模式,需要掌握。
概述
单件模式确保一个类只有一个实例,并提供一个全局访问点。
单线程代码(懒汉式,线程不安全)
class Single {
private static Single instance;
private Single() {
System.out.println("我被创建了");
}
public static Single getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Single();
}
return instance;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Single s1 = Single.getInstance();
Single s2 = Single.getInstance();
// 输出:
// 我被创建了
}
}
多线程代码(懒汉式,线程安全)
class Single {
private static Single instance;
private Single() {
System.out.println("我被创建了");
}
public static synchronized Single getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Single();
}
return instance;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Single s1 = Single.getInstance();
Single s2 = Single.getInstance();
// 输出:
// 我被创建了
}
}
饿汉式
class Single {
private static Single instance = new Single();
private Single() {
System.out.println("我被创建了");
}
public static synchronized Single getInstance() {
return instance;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Single s1 = Single.getInstance();
Single s2 = Single.getInstance();
// 输出:
// 我被创建了
}
}
双重检验锁DCL(防止同步带来的低效率)
class Single {
private static volatile Single instance;
private Single() {
System.out.println("我被创建了");
}
public static Single getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
synchronized (Single.class) {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Single();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Single s1 = Single.getInstance();
Single s2 = Single.getInstance();
// 输出:
// 我被创建了
}
}
关于volatile关键字的理解,我觉得这个链接讲得足够清晰,推荐给大家阅读!