mysql子查询

简介

sql执行顺序
1、from
2、 join
3、 on
4、 where
5、group by
6、avg,sum…
7、having
8、 select
9、 distinct
10、 order by

部门表：

员工表：

一、 select后面

1.1 标量子查询

一般搭配着单行操作符使用

> < >= <= = <>

案例1：查询每个部门的员工个数

SELECT d.*,(
	SELECT COUNT(*)
	FROM employees e
	WHERE e.department_id = d.`department_id`
 ) 个数
 FROM departments d;

案例2：查询员工号=102的部门名

SELECT (
	SELECT department_name,e.department_id
	FROM departments d
	INNER JOIN employees e
	ON d.department_id=e.department_id
	WHERE e.employee_id=102
	
) 部门名;

二、 from后面

2.1 表子查询

将子查询结果充当一张表，要求必须起别名

案例：查询每个部门的平均工资的工资等级

#①查询每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
SELECT * FROM job_grades;

#②连接①的结果集和job_grades表，筛选条件平均工资 between lowest_sal and highest_sal
SELECT  ag_dep.*,g.`grade_level`
FROM (
	SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
	FROM employees
	GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep
INNER JOIN job_grades g
ON ag_dep.ag BETWEEN lowest_sal AND highest_sal;

三、 where或having后面

3.1 标量子查询

一般搭配着单行操作符使用 > < >= <= = <>

案例1：谁的工资比员工A 高?

#①查询Abel的工资
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'A'

#②查询员工的信息，满足 salary>①结果
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary > (
	SELECT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE last_name = 'A'
);

案例2：返回job_id与141号员工相同，salary比143号员工多的员工 姓名，job_id 和工资

#①查询141号员工的job_id
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 141

#②查询143号员工的salary
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 143

#③查询员工的姓名，job_id 和工资，要求job_id=①并且salary>②

SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = (
	SELECT job_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE employee_id = 141
) AND salary>(
	SELECT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE employee_id = 143

);

案例3：返回公司工资最少的员工的last_name,job_id和salary

#①查询公司的 最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees

#②查询last_name,job_id和salary，要求salary=①
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary=(
	SELECT MIN(salary)
	FROM employees
);

案例4：查询最低工资大于50号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资

#①查询50号部门的最低工资
SELECT  MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 50

#②查询每个部门的最低工资

SELECT MIN(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id

#③ 在②基础上筛选，满足min(salary)>①
SELECT MIN(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>(
	SELECT  MIN(salary)
	FROM employees
	WHERE department_id = 50
);

3.2 列子查询

一般搭配着多行操作符使用 in、any/some、all
案例1：返回location_id是1400或1700的部门中的所有员工姓名

#①查询location_id是1400或1700的部门编号
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)

#②查询员工姓名，要求部门号是①列表中的某一个

SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id  <>ALL(
	SELECT DISTINCT department_id
	FROM departments
	WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
);

案例2：返回其它工种中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’工种任一工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary

#①查询job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门任一工资

SELECT DISTINCT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'

#②查询员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary，salary<(①)的任意一个
SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ANY(
	SELECT DISTINCT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'

) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';

案例3：返回其它部门中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门所有工资都低的员工 的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary

SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ALL(
	SELECT DISTINCT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'

) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';

3.3 行子查询

案例：查询员工编号最小并且工资最高的员工信息

SELECT * 
FROM employees
WHERE (employee_id,salary)=(
	SELECT MIN(employee_id),MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
);

#①查询最小的员工编号
SELECT MIN(employee_id)
FROM employees


#②查询最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees


#③查询员工信息
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=(
	SELECT MIN(employee_id)
	FROM employees
)AND salary=(
	SELECT MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
);

四、 exists后面

4.1 表子查询

案例1：查询有员工的部门名

SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE EXISTS(
	SELECT *
	FROM employees e
	WHERE d.`department_id`=e.`department_id`
);