设计模式--单例模式

饿汉式

类一初始化就加载。
构造方法私有化。

/**
 * 饿汉式单例  JVM保证线程安全
 *
 * 缺点：不管用与否都实例化
 */
public class Mgr01 {
    private static final Mgr01 INSTANCE =new Mgr01();

    private Mgr01(){};
    public static  Mgr01 getInstance(){
        return INSTANCE;
    }
    public void m(){
        System.out.println("m");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Mgr01 m1=Mgr01.getInstance();
        Mgr01 m2=Mgr01.getInstance();
        System.out.println(m1==m2);
    }

}

懒汉式

什么时候用，什么时候加载
懒汉式是线程不安全的需要加synchronized

/**
 * 懒汉式
 * 什么时候用，什么时候初始化
 */
public class Mgr02 {
    private static Mgr02 INSTANCE;
    private Mgr02(){};

    public static synchronized Mgr02 getInstance(){
        if (INSTANCE==null){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            INSTANCE=new Mgr02();
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    public void m(){
        System.out.println("m");
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i=0;i<100;i++){
            new Thread(()->{
                System.out.println(Mgr02.getInstance().hashCode());
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

懒汉式双重检验

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton singleton=null;
    private Singleton(){

    }
    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        if (singleton==null){
            synchronized (Singleton.class) {
                if (singleton==null) {
                    singleton = new Singleton();
                }
            }
        }
        return singleton;
    }
}

静态内部类

JVM中类只加载一次，保证线程安全

public class Mgr03{
private Mgr03(){};
private static class Mgr03Holder{
	private final static Mgr03 INSTANCE=new Mgr03();
	}

public static Mgr03 getInstance(){
	return Mgr03Holder.INSTANCE;
}
}

枚举

public enum  Mgr04 {
    INSTANCE;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i=0;i<100;i++){
            new Thread(()-> System.out.println(Mgr04.INSTANCE.hashCode())).start();
        }
    }
}