SpringMVC使用JSON、Ajax以及拦截器

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-16 02:43:55 发布

Henry哼哼哼

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-16 02:43:55 发布

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分类专栏： SSM

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44064074/article/details/104605889

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0、搭建SpringMVC的环境

0.1、在pom.xml中添加需要的依赖以及过滤信息

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Junit-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--数据库驱动-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 数据库连接池 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.5.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--Servlet - JSP -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--Mybatis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--Spring-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.62</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.8</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

0.2、创建连接数据库所需要的文件

连接数据库所需的信息

driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmbuild?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username=username
password=123456

将信息添加到spring-dao.xml文件中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--扫描db.properties中的数据-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
    <!--创建dataSource-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${password}"/>
     </bean>
    
    <!--创建sqlSessionFactory-->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="org.westos.pojo"/>
        <!--<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:org/westos/dao/*.xml"/>-->
    </bean>
    
    <!--自动给接口创建sqlSession-->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory -->
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
        <!-- 给出需要扫描Dao接口包 -->
        <property name="basePackage" value="org.westos.dao"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

0.3、创建springmvc的配置文件

spring-servlet.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
    https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="org.westos.controller"/>
    <!--开启注解-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!--处理静态资源-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!--配置视图资源解析器-->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/JSP/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

在web.xml中添加DispatcherServlet以及过滤信息

<servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
<filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>
            org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
        </filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

0.4、创建service层的文件

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
    <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>
</beans>

0.5、创建applicationContext.xml导入资源

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
    <import resource="spring-service.xml"/>
    <import resource="spring-servlet.xml"/>
</beans>

至此，环境搭建完成

1、JSON

1.1、什么是JSON？

JSON(JavaScript Object Notation, JS 对象简谱) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。简洁和清晰的层次结构使得 JSON 成为理想的数据交换语言。易于人阅读和编写，同时也易于机器解析和生成，并有效地提升网络传输效率。
对象表示为键值对，数据由逗号分隔
花括号用来存储对象，方括号用来存储数组

1.2、在SpringMVC中使用JSON

使用JSON要先引入依赖

<dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.8</version>
        </dependency>

在controller层创建一个测试类

@RestController
public class JsonController {

	@RequestMapping("/t1")
	public String test1(){
		//将字符串以键值对的方式返回到前端页面
		return "{\"name\":\"黄\",\"age\":\"20\",\"sex\":\"男\"}";
	}
}

测试结果：

1.3、解决JSON传递中文字符串发生乱码的问题

在RequestMapping中添加信息，显然这种方法只适用于单个的情况，多个方法不适用

@RestController
public class JsonController {

	@RequestMapping(value = "/t1",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
	public String test1(){
		//将字符串以键值对的方式返回到前端页面
		return "{\"name\":\"黄\",\"age\":\"20\",\"sex\":\"男\"}";
	}
}

多个方法返回json数据时，可以在spring-servlet.xml文件中添加乱码信息

<!--配置json的乱码问题-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven>
        <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
            </bean>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="objectMapper">
                    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                        <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>

使用json返回一个对象

@RequestMapping("/t2")
	public User test2(){
		User user = new User(20, "Henry", "男");
		return user;
	}

在这里插入图片描述

使用json返回一个对象集合

@RequestMapping("/t3")
	public List<User> test3(){
		User user1 = new User(20,"Henry",  "男");
		User user2 = new User(20, "Henry", "男");
		User user3 = new User(20,"Henry",  "男");
		User user4 = new User(20,"Henry",  "男");
		ArrayList<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
		list.add(user1);
		list.add(user2);
		list.add(user3);
		list.add(user4);
		return list;
	}

在这里插入图片描述

RequestMapping注解具有把数据自动以json格式返回的功能

2、Ajax

2.1、什么是Ajax？

Ajax 即“Asynchronous Javascript And XML”（异步 JavaScript 和 XML），是指一种创建交互式、快速动态网页应用的网页开发技术，**无需重新加载整个网页的情况下，能够更新部分网页的技术。**通过在后台与服务器进行少量数据交换，Ajax 可以使网页实现异步更新。

2.2、创建一个html网页测试Ajax

使用jQuery导入ajax

<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"></script>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    百度:<input type="text" name="name" id="baidu" onblur="baidu()">
    <script>
        function baidu() {
            //鼠标失去焦点的时候调用baidu()
            //$代表jQuery，post()代表发送一个请求
            $.post({
                url:'a1',
                data:{name:$("baidu").var},
                //成功的时候调用success方法
                success:function (data,status) {
                    console.log(data)
                    console.log(status)
                }
            })
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

创建AjaxController测试类

@RestController
public class AjaxController {

	@RequestMapping("/a1")
	public String test1(){
		return "ok";
	}
}

测试

2.3、使用ajax返回对象集合

常见测试类

@RequestMapping("/a2")
	public List<User> ajax2(){
		//把对象放在数组中
		List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>();
		users.add(new User(20,"Henry",  "男"););
		users.add(new User(18,"Henry",  "男"););
		users.add(new User(16,"Henry",  "男"););
		return users;
	}

创建前端页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="btn" value="获取数据"/>
<table width="80%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td>姓名</td>
        <td>年龄</td>
        <td>性别</td>
    </tr>
    <tbody id="content">
    </tbody>
</table>
<script>

    $(function () {
        $("#btn").click(function () {
            $.post("/a2",function (data) {
                console.log(data)
                var html="";
                for (var i = 0; i <data.length ; i++) {
                    html+= "<tr>" +
                        "<td>" + data[i].name + "</td>" +
                        "<td>" + data[i].age + "</td>" +
                        "<td>" + data[i].sex + "</td>" +
                        "</tr>"
                }
                $("#content").html(html);
            });
        })
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

测试

3、拦截器

要想使用拦截器，只需实现HandlerInterceptor接口即可
在spring-servlet.xml中添加拦截器的信息

<!--关于拦截器的配置-->
<mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
        <!--/** 包括路径及其子路径-->
        <!--/admin/* 拦截的是/admin/add等等这种 , /admin/add/user不会被拦截-->
        <!--/admin/** 拦截的是/admin/下的所有-->
        <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
        <!--bean配置的就是拦截器-->
        <bean class="org.westos.controller.MyInterceptor"/>
    </mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>

3.1、使用拦截器模拟登陆

创建一个LoginController类

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class LoginController {

	//跳转到login.jsp页面
	@RequestMapping("/jumpLogin")
	public String jumpLogin(){
		return "login";
	}

	//不登陆直接跳转到success.jsp页面，为拦截器做铺垫
	@RequestMapping("/jumpSuc")
	public String jumpSuc(){
		return "success";
	}
	@RequestMapping("/login")
	public String login(String username, String password, HttpSession session){
		//在session中添加信息
		session.setAttribute("user",username);
		//登陆成功，跳转到success.jsp页面
		return "success";
	}

	@RequestMapping("/logout")
	public String logout(HttpSession session){
		//注销，即清空session中的信息
		session.invalidate();
		//清空后，跳转到login.jsp
		return "login";
	}
}

创建一个登陆页面login.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--提交数据要使用表单--%>
<form action="/user/login" method="get">
    用户名: <input type="text" name="username"/> <br>
    密码: <input type="password" name="password"> <br>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

创建登陆成功的页面success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
    登陆成功
</h1>
${user}
<%--设置一个超链接，用来注销--%>
<a href="/user/logout">注销</a>
</body>
</html>

创建拦截器

public class LoginIntercptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
	public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
		//如果是登陆页面也放行
		if (request.getRequestURI().contains("login")){
			return true;
		}
		//如果session中user不为空，则不拦截
		HttpSession session = request.getSession();
		if (session.getAttribute("user")!=null){
			return true;
		}
		//用户没有登陆之前，给跳转到登陆页面
		request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
		return false;  //false代表拦截
	}

	public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

	}

	public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {

	}
}

在springmvc-servlet.xml中注册拦截器

<mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean id="loginInterceptor" class="org.westos.intercptor.LoginIntercptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

Henry哼哼哼

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SpringMVC使用JSON、Ajax以及拦截器

0、搭建SpringMVC的环境0.1、在pom.xml中添加需要的依赖以及过滤信息<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifa...
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