项目需求:
需求分析
·学生管理系统应具备的功能
·添加学生及成绩信息
·将学生信息保存到文件中·修改和删除学生信息·查询学生信息
·根据学空成绩进行排序·统计学生的总分
·系统功能结构
·学生信息管理系统的7大模块
录入学生信息模块
查找学生信息模块
删除学生信息模块
修改学生信息模块
学生成绩排名模块
统计学生总人数模块
显示全部学生信息模块
代码:
import os
filename = 'student.txt'
# 主菜单函数
def menu():
print('========================学生信息管理系统====================================')
print('----------------------------功能菜单--------------------------------------')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t1.录入学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t2.查找学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t3.删除学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t4.修改学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t5.排序')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t6.统计学生总人数')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t7.显示所有学生总人数')
print('\t\t\t\t\t\t0.退出')
print('----------------------------------------------------------------------')
# 主函数
def main():
while True:
menu()
choice = int(input('请选择\n'))
if choice in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]:
if choice == 0:
answer = input('您确定退出系统吗?y/n\n')
if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
print('谢谢您的使用')
break # 退出系统
else:
continue
elif choice == 1:
insert() # 录入学生信息
elif choice == 2:
search() # 查找学生信息
elif choice == 3:
delete() # 删除学生信息
elif choice == 4:
modify() # 修改学生信息
elif choice == 5:
sort() # 排序函数
elif choice == 6:
total() # 统计总人数
elif choice == 7:
show() # 显示所有学生信息
else:
print('选择错误,请重新选择')
# 学生信息录入
def insert():
student_list = []
while True:
id = input('请输入id(如1001):\n')
if not id:
break
name = input('请输入姓名:\n')
if not name:
break
try:
english = int(input('请输入英语成绩:\n'))
python = int(input('请输入Python成绩:\n'))
java = int(input('请输入java成绩:\n'))
except:
print('输入无效,不是整数类型,请重新输入')
continue
# 将录入的信息保存到字典中
student = {'id': id, 'name': name, 'english': english, 'python': python, 'java': java}
# 将学生信息添加到列表中
student_list.append(student)
answer = input('是否继续添加?y/n\n')
if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
continue
else:
break
# 调用save()方法将学生信息保存在文件中
save(student_list)
print('学生信息录入完毕')
# 保存学生信息
def save(lst):
try:
stu_txt = open(filename, 'a', encoding='utf-8')
except:
stu_txt = open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
for item in lst:
stu_txt.write(str(item) + '\n')
stu_txt.close()
# 查询学生信息
def search():
student_query = []
while True:
id = ''
name = ''
if os.path.exists(filename):
mode = int(input('按id查找请输入1,按姓名查找请输入2:\n'))
if mode == 1:
id = input('请输入要查询的id:\n')
elif mode == 2:
name = input('请输入要查询的姓名:\n')
else:
print('输入有误请重新输入')
search()
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student = rfile.readlines()
for item in student:
d = dict(eval(item))
if id != '':
if d['id'] == id:
student_query.append(d)
elif name != '':
if d['name'] == name:
student_query.append(d)
# 显示查询结果
show_student(student_query)
# 清空列表
student_query.clear()
answer = input('是否继续查询?y/n\n')
if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
continue
else:
break
else:
pass
# 展示信息
def show_student(lst):
# 格式化字符串
if len(lst) == 0:
print('没查到数据')
return
# 定义标题显示格式
format_title = '{:6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}\t{:^8}'
print(format_title.format('ID', '姓名', '英语', 'Python', 'Java', '总成绩'))
# 定义内容显示格式
format_data = '{:6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}\t{:^8}'
for item in lst:
print(format_data.format(item.get('id'),
item.get('name'),
item.get('english'),
item.get('python'),
item.get('java'),
item.get('english') + item.get('python') + item.get('java')
))
# 删除学生信息
def delete():
while True:
stu_id = input('请输入学生id:\n')
if stu_id != '':
if os.path.exists(filename): # 判断文件是否存在,存在则打开
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
student_old = file.readlines()
else:
student_old = []
flag = False # 标记是否删除
if student_old:
with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
d = {}
for item in student_old:
d = dict(eval(item)) # 将字符串转成字典
if d['id'] != stu_id:
wfile.write(str(d) + '\n')
else:
flag = True
if flag:
print(f'id为{stu_id}的学生已被删除')
else:
print(f'没有找到id为{stu_id}的学生')
else:
print('无学生信息')
break
show() # 删除之后要重新显示所有信息
answer = input('是否继续删除信息?y/n\n')
if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
continue
else:
break
# 修改学生信息
def modify():
show()
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
stu_old = rfile.readlines();
else:
return
student_id = input('请输入要修改的的学生id:\n')
with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
for item in stu_old:
d = dict(eval(item))
if d['id'] == student_id:
print('找到学生信息,可以修改!')
while True:
try:
d['name'] = input('请输入姓名\n')
d['english'] = input('请输入英语成绩\n')
d['python'] = input('请输入Python成绩\n')
d['java'] = input('请输入java成绩\n')
except:
print('输入有误请重新输入')
else:
break
wfile.write(str(d) + '\n')
print('修改成功')
else:
wfile.write(str(d) + '\n')
answer = input('是否继续修改其他学生信息?y/n\n')
if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
modify()
# 排序
def sort():
show()
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student_lst = rfile.readlines()
student_new = []
for item in student_lst:
d = dict(eval(item))
student_new.append(d)
else:
print('文件不存在')
return
asc_or_desc = int(input('请选择排序方式(0:升序 1:降序)'))
if asc_or_desc == 0:
asc_or_desc_bool = False
elif asc_or_desc == 1:
asc_or_desc_bool = True
else:
print('请重新选择')
sort()
mode = int(input('1.按英语排序 2.按Python排序 3.按java排序 0 按总成绩排序'))
if mode == 0:
student_new.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['english']) + int(x['python']) + int(x['java']), reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == 1:
student_new.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['english']), reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == 2:
student_new.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['python']), reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == 3:
student_new.sort(key=lambda x: int(x['java']), reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
else:
print('输入有误')
sort()
show_student(student_new)
# 统计学生总人数
def total():
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
students = rfile.readlines()
if students:
print(f'一共有{len(students)}名学生')
else:
print('暂未录入学生信息')
else:
print('暂未保存文件')
# 显示所有学生信息
def show():
student_lst = []
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
students = rfile.readlines()
for item in students:
student_lst.append(eval(item))
if student_lst:
show_student(student_lst)
else:
print('文件暂未保存')
main()
运行代码前在在当前路径上先新建一个student.txt文件