请求参数绑定
1. 请求参数绑定入门
1.1 创建 param.jsp
%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--请求参数绑定入门案例--%>
<a href="user/testParam?username=ok&password=123456">请求参数</a>
</body>
</html>
1.2 创建ParamController.java
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/user")
public class ParamController {
/**
* 请求参数绑定案例
* @param username
* @param password
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/testParam")
public String testParam(String username,String password){
System.out.println(username + " "+password);
return "success";
}
}
1.3 运行
在默认界面添加 param.jsp
即http://localhost:8080/springmvc_day01_01_start_war/param.jsp
1.4 目录结构
2. 将请求参数封装到JavaBean中
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创建JavaBean(Model)类Account.java
public class Account implements Serializable { private String username; private String password; private Float money; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public Float getMoney() { return money; } public void setMoney(Float money) { this.money = money; } @Override public String toString() { return "Account{" + "username='" + username + '\'' + ", password='" + password + '\'' + ", money=" + money + '}'; } }
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在ParamController.java中编写相关方法
@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/param") public class ParamController { /** * 请求参数绑定案例 * @param username * @param password * @return */ @RequestMapping("/testParam") public String testParam(String username,String password){ System.out.println(username + " "+password); return "success"; } /** * 请求参数绑定,将请求参数封装到JavaBean的类中 * @param account * @return */ @RequestMapping("/saveAccount") public String saveAccount(Account account){ System.out.println("将请求参数封装到JavaBean中"); System.out.println(account); return "success"; } }
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完善param.jsp页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <%--请求参数绑定入门案例--%> <%--<a href="param/testParam?username=ok&password=123456">请求参数</a>--%> <%--请求参数绑定, 将数据封装到JavaBean中--%> <form action="param/saveAccount" method="post"> <div> 姓名: <input type="text" name="username"> </div> <div> 密码: <input type="text" name="password"> </div> <div> 金额: <input type="text" name="money"> </div> <div> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </div> </form> </body> </html>
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运行程序
访问http://localhost:8080/springmvc_day01_01_start_war/param.jsp
可正常运行
3. 引用类型封装
用于解决如果Account.java中有一个属性是User的问题
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创建User.java
public class User implements Serializable { private String username; private String age; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(String age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "username='" + username + '\'' + ", age='" + age + '\'' + '}'; } }
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修改Account.java
package cn.itcast.domain; import java.io.Serializable; public class Account implements Serializable { private String username; private String password; private Float money; private User user; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public Float getMoney() { return money; } public void setMoney(Float money) { this.money = money; } public User getUser() { return user; } public void setUser(User user) { this.user = user; } @Override public String toString() { return "Account{" + "username='" + username + '\'' + ", password='" + password + '\'' + ", money=" + money + ", user=" + user + '}'; } }
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ParamController.java不修改
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修改param.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <%--请求参数绑定入门案例--%> <%--<a href="param/testParam?username=ok&password=123456">请求参数</a>--%> <%--请求参数绑定, 将数据封装到JavaBean中--%> <form action="param/saveAccount" method="post"> <div> 姓名: <input type="text" name="username"> </div> <div> 密码: <input type="text" name="password"> </div> <div> 金额: <input type="text" name="money"> </div> <div> 用户名称: <input type="text" name="user.username"> </div> <div> 用户年龄: <input type="text" name="user.age"> </div> <div> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </div> </form> </body> </html>
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运行程序
访问http://localhost:8080/springmvc_day01_01_start_war/param.jsp
可正常运行
控制台输出:
4. 配置解决中文乱码的过滤器
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在配置文件web.xml中添加过滤器
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" > <web-app> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <!--配置前端控制器--> <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器--> <filter> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
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此时会报错,但是不用管
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重新部署项目
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访问
访问http://localhost:8080/springmvc_day01_01_start_war/param.jsp
可正常运行
控制台输出:
5. 请求参数绑定集合类型
-
修改Account.java,增加List和Map属性
package cn.itcast.domain; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; public class Account implements Serializable { private String username; private String password; private Float money; private List<User> list; private Map<String,User> map; // private User user; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public Float getMoney() { return money; } public void setMoney(Float money) { this.money = money; } // public User getUser() { // return user; // } // // public void setUser(User user) { // this.user = user; // } // @Override // public String toString() { // return "Account{" + // "username='" + username + '\'' + // ", password='" + password + '\'' + // ", money=" + money + // ", user=" + user + // '}'; // } public List<User> getList() { return list; } public void setList(List<User> list) { this.list = list; } public Map<String, User> getMap() { return map; } public void setMap(Map<String, User> map) { this.map = map; } @Override public String toString() { return "Account{" + "username='" + username + '\'' + ", password='" + password + '\'' + ", money=" + money + ", list=" + list + ", map=" + map + '}'; } }
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修改param.jsp
<%-- Created by IntelliJ IDEA. User: Yang1 Date: 2020/4/25 Time: 22:35 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. --%> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <%--请求参数绑定入门案例--%> <%--<a href="param/testParam?username=ok&password=123456">请求参数</a>--%> <%--请求参数绑定, 将数据封装到JavaBean中--%> <%--<form action="param/saveAccount" method="post">--%> <%--<div>--%> <%--姓名: <input type="text" name="username">--%> <%--</div>--%> <%--<div>--%> <%--密码: <input type="text" name="password">--%> <%--</div>--%> <%--<div>--%> <%--金额: <input type="text" name="money">--%> <%--</div>--%> <%--<div>--%> <%--用户名称: <input type="text" name="user.username">--%> <%--</div>--%> <%--<div>--%> <%--用户年龄: <input type="text" name="user.age">--%> <%--</div>--%> <%--<div>--%> <%--<input type="submit" value="提交">--%> <%--</div>--%> <%--</form>--%> <%--请求参数绑定,封装到Acount, Account的有List和Map--%> <form action="param/saveAccount" method="post"> <div> 姓名: <input type="text" name="username"> </div> <div> 密码: <input type="text" name="password"> </div> <div> 金额: <input type="text" name="money"> </div> <div> 用户名称: <input type="text" name="list[0].username"> </div> <div> 用户年龄: <input type="text" name="list[0].age"> </div> <div> 用户名称: <input type="text" name="map['one'].username"> </div> <div> 用户年龄: <input type="text" name="map[one].age"> </div> <div> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </div> </form> </body> </html>
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运行项目
访问http://localhost:8080/springmvc_day01_01_start_war/param.jsp
可正常运行
控制台输出:
6. 自定义类型转换器
6.1 介绍
从页面中提交的都是字符串类型, 需要转换成JavaBean属性对应类型
SpringMVC内置了许多类型转换器用于实现转换功能,但是仍有一些字符串无法完成转换
例如: "2000-01-15"无法转换成Date类型,此时需要自定义类型转换器实现该转换功能
演示:
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在User.java类中添加Date属性
package cn.itcast.domain; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.Date; public class User implements Serializable { private String username; private String age; private Date birthday; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(String age) { this.age = age; } public Date getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } @Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "username='" + username + '\'' + ", age='" + age + '\'' + ", birthday=" + birthday + '}'; } }
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在ParamController.java中添加相关方法
package cn.itcast.controller; import cn.itcast.domain.Account; import cn.itcast.domain.User; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/param") public class ParamController { /** * 请求参数绑定案例 * @param username * @param password * @return */ @RequestMapping("/testParam") public String testParam(String username,String password){ System.out.println(username + " "+password); return "success"; } /** * 请求参数绑定,将请求参数封装到JavaBean的类中 * @param account * @return */ @RequestMapping("/saveAccount") public String saveAccount(Account account){ System.out.println("将请求参数封装到JavaBean中"); System.out.println(account); return "success"; } @RequestMapping("/saveUser") public String saveUser(User user){ System.out.println("自定义类型转换器"); System.out.println(user); return "success"; } }
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修改param.jsp
<%-- Created by IntelliJ IDEA. User: Yang1 Date: 2020/4/25 Time: 22:35 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. --%> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <%--自定义类型转换器--%> <form action="param/saveUser" method="post"> <div> 用户名称: <input type="text" name="username"> </div> <div> 用户年龄: <input type="text" name="age"> </div> <div> 用户生日: <input type="text" name="birthday"> </div> <div> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </div> </form> </body> </html>
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此时运行项目
访问http://localhost:8080/springmvc_day01_01_start_war/param.jsp
在输入框中输入:
此时程序无法正常运行
原因:
"2000-01-15"无法转换成Date类型
6.2 自定义类型转换器步骤
- 定义一个类,实现Converter接口, 在类中通过方法实现类型的转换
- 在springmvc.xml中配置类型转换器
- 在
<mvc:annotation-driven>
标签中引用配置的类型转换服务
6.3 自定义类型转换器演示
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创建StringToDate.java并实现Converter接口
package cn.itcast.utils; import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter; import java.text.DateFormat; import java.text.ParseException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; /** * 把字符串转换成日期 */ public class StringToDateConverter implements Converter<String, Date> { /** * * @param s 传入进来的字符串 * @return */ @Override public Date convert(String s) { //判断传入的字符串是否为空 if (s == null){ throw new RuntimeException("请您传入数据"); } DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); try { return dateFormat.parse(s); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException("数据类型转换出现错误"); } } }
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在springmvc.xml中完成注册
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!--开启注解扫描--> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.controller"></context:component-scan> <!--视图解析器--> <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/pages/"></property> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> <!--配置自定义类型转换器--> <bean id="converter" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean"> <property name="converters"> <set> <bean class="cn.itcast.utils.StringToDateConverter"></bean> </set> </property> </bean> <!--开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持--> <!--在annotation-driven标签中引用配置的类型转换服务--> <mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="converter"></mvc:annotation-driven> </beans>
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运行项目
访问http://localhost:8080/springmvc_day01_01_start_war/param.jsp
在输入框输入:
可正常运行
控制台显示:
7. 获取Servlet的原生API
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在ParamController.java中添加getServlet方法
package cn.itcast.controller; import cn.itcast.domain.Account; import cn.itcast.domain.User; import org.springframework.http.HttpRequest; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; @Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/param") public class ParamController { /** * 请求参数绑定案例 * @param username * @param password * @return */ @RequestMapping("/testParam") public String testParam(String username,String password){ System.out.println(username + " "+password); return "success"; } /** * 请求参数绑定,将请求参数封装到JavaBean的类中 * @param account * @return */ @RequestMapping("/saveAccount") public String saveAccount(Account account){ System.out.println("将请求参数封装到JavaBean中"); System.out.println(account); return "success"; } /** * 自定义类型转换 * @param user * @return */ @RequestMapping("/saveUser") public String saveUser(User user){ System.out.println("自定义类型转换器"); System.out.println(user); return "success"; } /** * 获取Servlet原生API * @param request * @param response * @return */ @RequestMapping("/getServlet") public String getServlet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){ System.out.println("获取Servlet原生API"); System.out.println(request); HttpSession session = request.getSession(); System.out.println(session); ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext(); System.out.println(servletContext); return "success"; } }
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修改param.jsp
<%-- Created by IntelliJ IDEA. User: Yang1 Date: 2020/4/25 Time: 22:35 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. --%> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <%--获取Servlet原生API--%> <a href="./param/getServlet">获取Servlet原生API</a> </body> </html>
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运行程序
访问http://localhost:8080/springmvc_day01_01_start_war/param.jsp
控制台输出: