SpringMVC第三篇_请求参数绑定

请求参数绑定

1. 请求参数绑定入门

1.1 创建 param.jsp

%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <%--请求参数绑定入门案例--%>
    <a href="user/testParam?username=ok&password=123456">请求参数</a>
</body>
</html>

1.2 创建ParamController.java

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/user")
public class ParamController {

    /**
     * 请求参数绑定案例
     * @param username
     * @param password
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/testParam")
    public String testParam(String username,String password){
        System.out.println(username + " "+password);
        return "success";

    }
}

1.3 运行

在默认界面添加 param.jsp

即http://localhost:8080/springmvc_day01_01_start_war/param.jsp

1.4 目录结构

在这里插入图片描述

2. 将请求参数封装到JavaBean中

  1. 创建JavaBean(Model)类Account.java

    public class Account implements Serializable {
    
        private String username;
    
        private String password;
    
        private Float money;
    
        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
    
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
    
        public String getPassword() {
            return password;
        }
    
        public void setPassword(String password) {
            this.password = password;
        }
    
        public Float getMoney() {
            return money;
        }
    
        public void setMoney(Float money) {
            this.money = money;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Account{" +
                    "username='" + username + '\'' +
                    ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                    ", money=" + money +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
  2. 在ParamController.java中编写相关方法

    @Controller
    @RequestMapping(value = "/param")
    public class ParamController {
    
        /**
         * 请求参数绑定案例
         * @param username
         * @param password
         * @return
         */
        @RequestMapping("/testParam")
        public String testParam(String username,String password){
            System.out.println(username + " "+password);
            return "success";
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 请求参数绑定,将请求参数封装到JavaBean的类中
         * @param account
         * @return
         */
        @RequestMapping("/saveAccount")
        public String saveAccount(Account account){
            System.out.println("将请求参数封装到JavaBean中");
            System.out.println(account);
            return "success";
    
        }
    }
    
  3. 完善param.jsp页面

    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <%--请求参数绑定入门案例--%>
        <%--<a href="param/testParam?username=ok&password=123456">请求参数</a>--%>
    
    
        <%--请求参数绑定, 将数据封装到JavaBean中--%>
        <form action="param/saveAccount" method="post">
            <div>
                姓名: <input type="text" name="username">
            </div>
            <div>
                密码: <input type="text" name="password">
            </div>
            <div>
                金额: <input type="text" name="money">
            </div>
            <div>
                <input type="submit" value="提交">
            </div>
        </form>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    
  4. 运行程序

    访问http://localhost:8080/springmvc_day01_01_start_war/param.jsp

    可正常运行

3. 引用类型封装

用于解决如果Account.java中有一个属性是User的问题

  1. 创建User.java

    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        private String username;
    
        private String age;
    
        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
    
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
    
        public String getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(String age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "User{" +
                    "username='" + username + '\'' +
                    ", age='" + age + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
    
  2. 修改Account.java

    package cn.itcast.domain;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    public class Account implements Serializable {
    
        private String username;
    
        private String password;
    
        private Float money;
    
        private User user;
    
        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
    
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
    
        public String getPassword() {
            return password;
        }
    
        public void setPassword(String password) {
            this.password = password;
        }
    
        public Float getMoney() {
            return money;
        }
    
        public void setMoney(Float money) {
            this.money = money;
        }
    
        public User getUser() {
            return user;
        }
    
        public void setUser(User user) {
            this.user = user;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Account{" +
                    "username='" + username + '\'' +
                    ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                    ", money=" + money +
                    ", user=" + user +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
    
  3. ParamController.java不修改

  4. 修改param.jsp

    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <%--请求参数绑定入门案例--%>
        <%--<a href="param/testParam?username=ok&password=123456">请求参数</a>--%>
    
    
        <%--请求参数绑定, 将数据封装到JavaBean中--%>
        <form action="param/saveAccount" method="post">
            <div>
                姓名: <input type="text" name="username">
            </div>
            <div>
                密码: <input type="text" name="password">
            </div>
            <div>
                金额: <input type="text" name="money">
            </div>
    
            <div>
                用户名称: <input type="text" name="user.username">
            </div>
            <div>
                用户年龄: <input type="text" name="user.age">
            </div>
    
            <div>
                <input type="submit" value="提交">
            </div>
        </form>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    
  5. 运行程序

    访问http://localhost:8080/springmvc_day01_01_start_war/param.jsp

    可正常运行

    控制台输出:

在这里插入图片描述

4. 配置解决中文乱码的过滤器

  1. 在配置文件web.xml中添加过滤器

    <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
     "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
     "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
    
    <web-app>
      <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
    
      <!--配置前端控制器-->
      <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        
        <init-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
      </servlet>
      <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>
    
      <!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
      <filter>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
          <param-name>encoding</param-name>
          <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
      </filter>
      <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
      </filter-mapping>
    </web-app>
    
    
  2. 此时会报错,但是不用管

  3. 重新部署项目

  4. 访问

    访问http://localhost:8080/springmvc_day01_01_start_war/param.jsp

    可正常运行

    控制台输出:

在这里插入图片描述

5. 请求参数绑定集合类型

  1. 修改Account.java,增加List和Map属性

    package cn.itcast.domain;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    public class Account implements Serializable {
    
        private String username;
    
        private String password;
    
        private Float money;
    
        private List<User> list;
    
        private Map<String,User> map;
    
    //    private User user;
    
        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
    
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
    
        public String getPassword() {
            return password;
        }
    
        public void setPassword(String password) {
            this.password = password;
        }
    
        public Float getMoney() {
            return money;
        }
    
        public void setMoney(Float money) {
            this.money = money;
        }
    
    //    public User getUser() {
    //        return user;
    //    }
    //
    //    public void setUser(User user) {
    //        this.user = user;
    //    }
    
    //    @Override
    //    public String toString() {
    //        return "Account{" +
    //                "username='" + username + '\'' +
    //                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
    //                ", money=" + money +
    //                ", user=" + user +
    //                '}';
    //    }
    
    
        public List<User> getList() {
            return list;
        }
    
        public void setList(List<User> list) {
            this.list = list;
        }
    
        public Map<String, User> getMap() {
            return map;
        }
    
        public void setMap(Map<String, User> map) {
            this.map = map;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Account{" +
                    "username='" + username + '\'' +
                    ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                    ", money=" + money +
                    ", list=" + list +
                    ", map=" + map +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
    
  2. 修改param.jsp

    <%--
      Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
      User: Yang1
      Date: 2020/4/25
      Time: 22:35
      To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
    --%>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <%--请求参数绑定入门案例--%>
    <%--<a href="param/testParam?username=ok&password=123456">请求参数</a>--%>
    
    
    <%--请求参数绑定, 将数据封装到JavaBean中--%>
    <%--<form action="param/saveAccount" method="post">--%>
    <%--<div>--%>
    <%--姓名: <input type="text" name="username">--%>
    <%--</div>--%>
    <%--<div>--%>
    <%--密码: <input type="text" name="password">--%>
    <%--</div>--%>
    <%--<div>--%>
    <%--金额: <input type="text" name="money">--%>
    <%--</div>--%>
    
    <%--<div>--%>
    <%--用户名称: <input type="text" name="user.username">--%>
    <%--</div>--%>
    <%--<div>--%>
    <%--用户年龄: <input type="text" name="user.age">--%>
    <%--</div>--%>
    
    <%--<div>--%>
    <%--<input type="submit" value="提交">--%>
    <%--</div>--%>
    <%--</form>--%>
    
    <%--请求参数绑定,封装到Acount, Account的有List和Map--%>
    <form action="param/saveAccount" method="post">
        <div>
            姓名: <input type="text" name="username">
        </div>
        <div>
            密码: <input type="text" name="password">
        </div>
        <div>
            金额: <input type="text" name="money">
        </div>
    
        <div>
            用户名称: <input type="text" name="list[0].username">
        </div>
        <div>
            用户年龄: <input type="text" name="list[0].age">
        </div>
    
        <div>
            用户名称: <input type="text" name="map['one'].username">
        </div>
        <div>
            用户年龄: <input type="text" name="map[one].age">
        </div>
    
        <div>
            <input type="submit" value="提交">
        </div>
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    
  3. 运行项目

    访问http://localhost:8080/springmvc_day01_01_start_war/param.jsp

    可正常运行

    控制台输出:

在这里插入图片描述

6. 自定义类型转换器

6.1 介绍

从页面中提交的都是字符串类型, 需要转换成JavaBean属性对应类型

SpringMVC内置了许多类型转换器用于实现转换功能,但是仍有一些字符串无法完成转换

例如: "2000-01-15"无法转换成Date类型,此时需要自定义类型转换器实现该转换功能

演示:

  1. 在User.java类中添加Date属性

    package cn.itcast.domain;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    import java.util.Date;
    
    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        private String username;
    
        private String age;
    
        private Date birthday;
    
        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
    
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
    
        public String getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(String age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    
        public Date getBirthday() {
            return birthday;
        }
    
        public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
            this.birthday = birthday;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "User{" +
                    "username='" + username + '\'' +
                    ", age='" + age + '\'' +
                    ", birthday=" + birthday +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
    
  2. 在ParamController.java中添加相关方法

    package cn.itcast.controller;
    
    import cn.itcast.domain.Account;
    import cn.itcast.domain.User;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping(value = "/param")
    public class ParamController {
    
        /**
         * 请求参数绑定案例
         * @param username
         * @param password
         * @return
         */
        @RequestMapping("/testParam")
        public String testParam(String username,String password){
            System.out.println(username + " "+password);
            return "success";
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 请求参数绑定,将请求参数封装到JavaBean的类中
         * @param account
         * @return
         */
        @RequestMapping("/saveAccount")
        public String saveAccount(Account account){
            System.out.println("将请求参数封装到JavaBean中");
            System.out.println(account);
            return "success";
    
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("/saveUser")
        public String saveUser(User user){
            System.out.println("自定义类型转换器");
            System.out.println(user);
            return "success";
    
        }
    
    
    }
    
    
  3. 修改param.jsp

    <%--
      Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
      User: Yang1
      Date: 2020/4/25
      Time: 22:35
      To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
    --%>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    
        <%--自定义类型转换器--%>
        <form action="param/saveUser" method="post">
           <div>
                用户名称: <input type="text" name="username">
            </div>
            <div>
                用户年龄: <input type="text" name="age">
            </div>
            <div>
                用户生日: <input type="text" name="birthday">
            </div>
    
            <div>
                <input type="submit" value="提交">
            </div>
        </form>
    
    
    </body>
    </html>
    
    
  4. 此时运行项目

    访问http://localhost:8080/springmvc_day01_01_start_war/param.jsp

    在输入框中输入:

在这里插入图片描述

此时程序无法正常运行

原因:

"2000-01-15"无法转换成Date类型

6.2 自定义类型转换器步骤

  1. 定义一个类,实现Converter接口, 在类中通过方法实现类型的转换
  2. 在springmvc.xml中配置类型转换器
  3. <mvc:annotation-driven>标签中引用配置的类型转换服务

6.3 自定义类型转换器演示

  1. 创建StringToDate.java并实现Converter接口

    package cn.itcast.utils;
    
    import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;
    
    import java.text.DateFormat;
    import java.text.ParseException;
    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
    import java.util.Date;
    
    /**
     * 把字符串转换成日期
     */
    public class StringToDateConverter implements Converter<String, Date> {
    
    
        /**
         *
         * @param s     传入进来的字符串
         * @return
         */
        @Override
        public Date convert(String s) {
            //判断传入的字符串是否为空
            if (s == null){
                throw new RuntimeException("请您传入数据");
            }
            DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
    
            try {
                return dateFormat.parse(s);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException("数据类型转换出现错误");
            }
    
        }
    }
    
    
  2. 在springmvc.xml中完成注册

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
        <!--开启注解扫描-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.controller"></context:component-scan>
    
        <!--视图解析器-->
        <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="prefix" value="/pages/"></property>
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
        </bean>
    
        <!--配置自定义类型转换器-->
        <bean id="converter" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
            <property name="converters">
                <set>
                    <bean class="cn.itcast.utils.StringToDateConverter"></bean>
                </set>
            </property>
        </bean>
    
    
        <!--开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持-->
        <!--在annotation-driven标签中引用配置的类型转换服务-->
        <mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="converter"></mvc:annotation-driven>
    </beans>
    
  3. 运行项目

    访问http://localhost:8080/springmvc_day01_01_start_war/param.jsp

    在输入框输入:

在这里插入图片描述

可正常运行

控制台显示:

在这里插入图片描述

7. 获取Servlet的原生API

  1. 在ParamController.java中添加getServlet方法

    package cn.itcast.controller;
    
    import cn.itcast.domain.Account;
    import cn.itcast.domain.User;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpRequest;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
    
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping(value = "/param")
    public class ParamController {
    
        /**
         * 请求参数绑定案例
         * @param username
         * @param password
         * @return
         */
        @RequestMapping("/testParam")
        public String testParam(String username,String password){
            System.out.println(username + " "+password);
            return "success";
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 请求参数绑定,将请求参数封装到JavaBean的类中
         * @param account
         * @return
         */
        @RequestMapping("/saveAccount")
        public String saveAccount(Account account){
            System.out.println("将请求参数封装到JavaBean中");
            System.out.println(account);
            return "success";
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 自定义类型转换
         * @param user
         * @return
         */
        @RequestMapping("/saveUser")
        public String saveUser(User user){
            System.out.println("自定义类型转换器");
            System.out.println(user);
            return "success";
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取Servlet原生API
         * @param request
         * @param response
         * @return
         */
        @RequestMapping("/getServlet")
        public String getServlet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
            System.out.println("获取Servlet原生API");
            System.out.println(request);
    
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
            System.out.println(session);
    
            ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
            System.out.println(servletContext);
    
            return "success";
    
        }
    
    
    }
    
    
  2. 修改param.jsp

    <%--
      Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
      User: Yang1
      Date: 2020/4/25
      Time: 22:35
      To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
    --%>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    
        <%--获取Servlet原生API--%>
        <a href="./param/getServlet">获取Servlet原生API</a>
    
    
    </body>
    </html>
    
    
  3. 运行程序

    访问http://localhost:8080/springmvc_day01_01_start_war/param.jsp

    控制台输出:

在这里插入图片描述

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