ListView

ListView的简单用法

在activtity布局文件中定义一个Listview

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/list_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</LinearLayout>

然后在activity中用ArrayAdapter获取数据，再将这个ArrayAdapter给ListView

package com.study.listView;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private String[] data={
            "Apple","Banana","Orange","Watermelon","Pear","Grape","Pineapple","Strawberry","Cherry","Mango","Apple","Banana","Orange","Watermelon","Pear","Grape" +
            "Pineapple","Strawberry","Cherry","Mango"};
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //将数据放到适配器中,这里的simple_list_item_1只是一个简单的Textview布局的id
        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter=new ArrayAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
        //将适配器中的数据回传给listView
        ListView listView=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list_View);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
}

定制ListView界面

自定义子项，修改适配器（以适应子项的数据要求）。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/image_view"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/image_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />
</LinearLayout>

修改的适配器如下：

class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit>{
    int sourceId;
    public FruitAdapter(@NonNull Context context, int resource, @NonNull List<Fruit> objects) {
        super(context, resource, objects);
        //将子项布局id传进来
        sourceId=resource;
    }
    @NonNull
    @Override
    //getView在每个子项滑到屏幕时会自动调用
    public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
            //得到当前position下的fruit
           Fruit fruit=getItem(position);
           //LayoutInflater.from(getContext())获得一个实例对象
            // 通过这个实例对象引入子项view
           View view= LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(sourceId,parent,false);
           //得到一个view后进行数据赋值。
        ImageView imageView=view.findViewById(R.id.image_view);
        TextView textView=view.findViewById(R.id.image_name);
        imageView.setImageResource(fruit.getId());
        textView.setText(fruit.getName());
        //返回这个子项
        return view;
    }
}

总的代码：

package com.study.listView;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private List<Fruit> fruitList=new ArrayList<Fruit>();
    private String[] data={
            "Apple","Banana","Orange","Watermelon","Pear","Grape","Pineapple","Strawberry","Cherry","Mango","Apple","Banana","Orange","Watermelon","Pear","Grape" +
            "Pineapple","Strawberry","Cherry","Mango"};
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        for(int i=0; i<2; i++){
            Fruit fruit=new Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.apple_pic);
            fruitList.add(fruit);
            fruit=new Fruit("Banana",R.drawable.banana_pic);
            fruitList.add(fruit);
             fruit=new Fruit("Orange",R.drawable.orange_pic);
            fruitList.add(fruit);
             fruit=new Fruit("Watermelon",R.drawable.grape_pic);
            fruitList.add(fruit);
             fruit=new Fruit("Pear",R.drawable.pear_pic);
            fruitList.add(fruit);
             fruit=new Fruit("Grape",R.drawable.grape_pic);
            fruitList.add(fruit);
             fruit=new Fruit("Pineapple",R.drawable.pineapple_pic);
            fruitList.add(fruit);
             fruit=new Fruit("Strawberry",R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
            fruitList.add(fruit);
             fruit=new Fruit("Cherry",R.drawable.cherry_pic);
            fruitList.add(fruit);
             fruit=new Fruit("Mango",R.drawable.mango_pic);
            fruitList.add(fruit);
        }
        FruitAdapter fruitAdapter=new FruitAdapter(this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
        ListView listView=findViewById(R.id.list_View);
        listView.setAdapter(fruitAdapter);
    }
}
class Fruit{
    private String name;
    private int id;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    Fruit(String name,int id){
        this.name=name;
        this.id=id;
    }
}
class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit>{
    int sourceId;
    public FruitAdapter(@NonNull Context context, int resource, @NonNull List<Fruit> objects) {
        super(context, resource, objects);
        //将子项布局id传进来
        sourceId=resource;
    }
    @NonNull
    @Override
    //getView在每个子项滑到屏幕时会自动调用
    public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
            //得到当前position下的fruit
           Fruit fruit=getItem(position);
           //LayoutInflater.from(getContext())获得一个实例对象
            // 通过这个实例对象引入子项view
           View view= LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(sourceId,parent,false);
           //得到一个view后进行数据赋值。
        ImageView imageView=view.findViewById(R.id.image_view);
        TextView textView=view.findViewById(R.id.image_name);
        imageView.setImageResource(fruit.getId());
        textView.setText(fruit.getName());
        //返回这个子项
        return view;
    }
}

提升ListView的运行效率

通过convertView缓存

上述代码运行ListView时，每次都要加载一个View，这种方法的运行效率是比较低的，于是可以通过convertView将离开布局的子项View缓存。新的子项View就可以通过这个缓存的子项View进行数据修改然后重新添加进布局就好。

修改适配器中的getView方法。

class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit>{
    int sourceId;
    public FruitAdapter(@NonNull Context context, int resource, @NonNull List<Fruit> objects) {
        super(context, resource, objects);
        //将子项布局id传进来
        sourceId=resource;
    }
    @NonNull
    @Override
    //getView在每个子项滑到屏幕时会自动调用
    public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
            //得到当前position下的fruit
           Fruit fruit=getItem(position);
           //LayoutInflater.from(getContext())获得一个实例对象
            // 通过这个实例对象引入子项view
            //修改开始
        View view;
            if(convertView==null){
                 view= LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(sourceId,parent,false);
            }else{
                view=convertView;
            }
            //修改结束
           //得到一个view后进行数据赋值。
        ImageView imageView=view.findViewById(R.id.image_view);
        TextView textView=view.findViewById(R.id.image_name);
        imageView.setImageResource(fruit.getId());
        textView.setText(fruit.getName());
        //返回这个子项
        return view;
    }
}

通过ViewHolder来优化获取控件

通过上述代码我们发现，虽然通过convertView不用在去加载view了，但是每次还是要去加载view对应的组件，但是可以发现的是这些组件也是可以复用的。可以新建一个类ViewHolder来放这些组件。
修改代码如下：

class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit>{
    int sourceId;
    public FruitAdapter(@NonNull Context context, int resource, @NonNull List<Fruit> objects) {
        super(context, resource, objects);
        //将子项布局id传进来
        sourceId=resource;
    }
    @NonNull
    @Override
    //getView在每个子项滑到屏幕时会自动调用
    public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
            //得到当前position下的fruit
           Fruit fruit=getItem(position);
           //LayoutInflater.from(getContext())获得一个实例对象
            // 通过这个实例对象引入子项view
        View view;
        ViewHolder viewHolder;
            if(convertView==null){
                 view= LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(sourceId,parent,false);
                 
                viewHolder=new ViewHolder();
                viewHolder.imageView=view.findViewById(R.id.image_view);
                viewHolder.textView=view.findViewById(R.id.image_name);
                view.setTag(viewHolder);
            }else{
                view=convertView;
                viewHolder=(ViewHolder)view.getTag();
            }
           //得到一个view后进行数据赋值。
        ImageView imageView=viewHolder.imageView;
        TextView textView=viewHolder.textView;
        imageView.setImageResource(fruit.getId());
        textView.setText(fruit.getName());
        //返回这个子项
        return view;
    }
    class ViewHolder{
        ImageView imageView;
        TextView textView;
    }
}

ListView的点击事件

为listView的子项添加绑定事件就行了。

        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                Fruit fruit=fruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });