5.spring的各种IOC注入方式2——基于构造器注入

方式: 配置<constructor-arg>元素
在Bean中不用写set方法,但是要有相应的构造器
特点:构造器注入有两种形式 
	 1.根据参数类型，只限于数据类型不一致，当有多个相同的参数类型时，会出现匹配不正确的情况
	 2.根据参数位置的下标，出现多个相同的参数类型时使用

新建实体类

public class Student {
	private long id;
	private String name;
	private int age;
	//有参构造器
	public Student(long id, String name, int age) {
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		System.out.println("有参构造器走了");
	}
}	

constructor.xml

形式一：根据参数类型

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
    <!-- 根据参数类型  如：type="long" -->
    <bean name="s1" class="com.briup.bean.Student">
    	<constructor-arg type="long" value="1"></constructor-arg>
    	<constructor-arg type="String" value="tom"></constructor-arg>
    	<constructor-arg type="int" value="20"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
</beans>

测试类

@Test
public void ioc_constructor() {
	try {
		String path ="com/briup/ioc/constructor/constructor.xml";
		ApplicationContext container = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(path);
		Student stu = (Student) container.getBean("s1");
		System.out.println(stu);
		System.out.println(stu.getId());
		System.out.println(stu.getName());
		System.out.println(stu.getAge());
	} catch (Exception e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	}
}

总结：
当没有对应的有参构造器时，会出错

constructor.xml

形式二：根据参数下标

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
    <!-- 根据对应构造器参数的下标  如：index="1" -->
    <bean name="s2" class="com.briup.bean.Student">
    	<constructor-arg index="1">
    		<value>科比</value>
    	</constructor-arg>
    	<constructor-arg index="0">
    		<value>1</value>
    	</constructor-arg>
    	<constructor-arg index="2">
    		<value>45</value>
    	</constructor-arg>
    </bean>
</beans>

测试类

@Test
public void ioc_constructor() {
	try {
		String path ="com/briup/ioc/constructor/constructor.xml";
		ApplicationContext container = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(path);
		Student stu = (Student) container.getBean("s2");
		System.out.println(stu);
		System.out.println(stu.getId());
		System.out.println(stu.getName());
		System.out.println(stu.getAge());
	} catch (Exception e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	}
}