centos7在线扩容根分区

背景：公司云平台机器每次申请都会选择系统盘及新增数据盘的大小，对于数据盘可以创建物理卷和逻辑卷的方式进行挂载。但是对于根分区，假如创建云主机的时候选择系统盘是100G，但是等创建完成进入系统后发现，它的大小还是默认的初始大小40G，对于这种情况做以下处理：

初始状态：

1.首先执行命令查看块设备信息，并确定之后命令输入的数字顺序
[root@ctuphis00205 ~]# lsblk  ---可以看到vda1，也就是初始40G的根分区是在vda下的顺序第一位
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda         253:0    0   64G  0 disk
└─vda1      253:1    0   39G  0 part /
vdb         253:16   0    1T  0 disk
└─vg01-lv01 252:0    0 1024G  0 lvm  /data
vdc         253:32   0    1T  0 disk
└─vg02-lv02 252:1    0 1024G  0 lvm  /data01
vdd         253:48   0    1T  0 disk
└─vg03-lv03 252:2    0 1024G  0 lvm  /data02

2.安装扩容工具
[root@ctuphis00205 ~]# yum install cloud-utils-growpart -y
也可以直接执行命令yum install cloud-*确保growpart命令可用即可

3.执行以下命令，使用工具growpart将第一分区的根分区进行扩容
[root@ctuphis00205 ~]# growpart /dev/vda 1
CHANGED: partition=1 start=2048 old: size=81786880 end=81788928 new: size=134215647 end=134217695

4.执行以下命令，检查在线扩容是否成功
[root@ctuphis00205 ~]# parted -l /dev/vda
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vda: 68.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  68.7GB  68.7GB  primary  ext4         boot


5.同步文件系统
注意：
# ext4文件系统使用resize2fs扩展
resize2fs -f  /dev/vda2   
# xfs文件系统使用xfs_grows扩展
xfs_growfs /dev/vda2

[root@ctuphis00205 ~]# resize2fs -f  /dev/vda1
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/vda1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 5, new_desc_blocks = 8
The filesystem on /dev/vda1 is now 16776955 blocks long.

6.检查
[root@ctuphis00205 ~]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                32G     0   32G   0% /dev
tmpfs                   32G     0   32G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   32G  8.8M   32G   1% /run
tmpfs                   32G     0   32G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1               63G  4.5G   56G   8% /
tmpfs                  6.3G     0  6.3G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 1008G   77M  957G   1% /data
/dev/mapper/vg02-lv02 1008G   77M  957G   1% /data01
/dev/mapper/vg03-lv03 1008G   77M  957G   1% /data02

根分区已经扩容成功！！！

另一个情况：有lvm的情况

现有信息：
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
  /dev/sda3  centos lvm2 a--  348.99g    0
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
  centos   1   3   0 wz--n- 348.99g    0
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  home centos -wi-ao---- 240.99g
  root centos -wi-ao---- 100.00g
  swap centos -wi-ao----   8.00g

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    3.9G   17M  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root  100G   82G   19G  82% /
/dev/sda2               1014M  137M  878M  14% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home  241G   84G  158G  35% /home
tmpfs                    799M     0  799M   0% /run/user/0
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 375.8 GB, 375809638400 bytes, 734003200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b3ed6

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1            2048        6143        2048   83  Linux
/dev/sda2   *        6144     2103295     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda3         2103296   734003166   365949935+  8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 258.8 GB, 258763390976 bytes, 505397248 sectors
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0  700G  0 disk
├─sda1            8:1    0    2M  0 part
├─sda2            8:2    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3            8:3    0  699G  0 part
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0  100G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0    8G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home 253:2    0  241G  0 lvm  /home
sr0              11:0    1 10.9G  0 rom

可看到根分区和/home都在/dev/sda3下
现在要扩容根分区
以下是操作步骤：
#虚拟机加完磁盘后，在线刷新磁盘信息
[root@localhost ~]# echo 1 > /sys/block/sda/device/rescan
#查看磁盘是否刷新
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 751.6 GB, 751619276800 bytes, 1468006400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
已刷新
#查看lsblk信息
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0  700G  0 disk
├─sda1            8:1    0    2M  0 part
├─sda2            8:2    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3            8:3    0  349G  0 part
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0  100G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0    8G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home 253:2    0  241G  0 lvm  /home
sr0              11:0    1 10.9G  0 rom
新增容量已到sda下
#将容量给到sda3
[root@localhost ~]# growpart /dev/sda 3
CHANGED: partition=3 start=2103296 old: size=731899871 end=734003167 new: size=1465903071 end=1468006367
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0  700G  0 disk
├─sda1            8:1    0    2M  0 part
├─sda2            8:2    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3            8:3    0  699G  0 part
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0  100G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0    8G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home 253:2    0  241G  0 lvm  /home
sr0              11:0    1 10.9G  0 rom
容量已到sda3下

#pv重置大小
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
  /dev/sda3  centos lvm2 a--  348.99g    0
[root@localhost ~]# pvresize /dev/sda3
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" changed
  1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
  /dev/sda3  centos lvm2 a--  698.99g 350.00g
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
  centos   1   3   0 wz--n- 698.99g 350.00g

可以看到新增的容量到了PV
#扩容lv
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  home centos -wi-ao---- 240.99g
  root centos -wi-ao---- 100.00g
  swap centos -wi-ao----   8.00g
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/centos-root
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 100.00 GiB (25600 extents) to 450.00 GiB (115200 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=8, agsize=3276800 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=26214400, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=6400, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 26214400 to 117964800
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    3.9G   17M  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root  450G   82G  369G  19% /
/dev/sda2               1014M  137M  878M  14% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home  241G   88G  154G  37% /home
tmpfs                    799M     0  799M   0% /run/user/0
扩容完成~~~！