当一个接口有多个实现类
//接口
public interface UserService{
public void say();
}
//接口的实现类
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl1 implements UserService{
public void say(){
System.out.println("UserServiceImpl1");
}
}
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl2 implements UserService{
public void say(){
System.out.println("UserServiceImpl2");
}
}
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl3 implements UserService{
public void say(){
System.out.println("UserServiceImpl3");
}
}
我们在controller使用如下图代码注入bean时,报以下错误Field userService in com.myself.user.controller.UserController required a single bean, but 3 were found:
Action:Consider marking one of the beans as @Primary, updating the consumer to accept multiple beans, or using @Qualifier to identify the bean that should be consumed是因为@Autowired默认使用的是byType的方式向Bean里面注入相应的Bean,而这时发现三个相同类型的bean所以不知道该注入哪个bean
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
解决方法一(不推荐)
可以在service中加@Primary注解,应该就是告诉spring我要优先是该bean
//接口的实现类
@Service
@Primar
public class UserServiceImpl1 implements UserService{
public void say(){
System.out.println("UserServiceImpl1");
}
}
//controller使用
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
解决方法二
通过@Autowired在controller注入通过byName的方式来注入,而这个name默认就是根据变量名来的。或者通过@Autowired与@Qualifier组合使用
//controller
@Autowired
private UserService userServiceImpl1;
@Autowired
private UserService userServiceImpl2;
@Autowired
@Qualifier(value = "userServiceImpl2")
//此时访问的是userServiceImpl2所实现的接口
private UserService userServiceImpl3;
解决方法三
通过@Resource 可以通过 byName 和 byType的方式注入, 默认先按 byName的方式进行匹配,如果匹配不到,再按 byType的方式进行匹配
//controller
@Resource
private UserService userServiceImpl1;
@Resource
private UserService userServiceImpl2;
@Resource(name= "userServiceImpl2")
//此时访问的是userServiceImpl2所实现的接口
private UserService userServiceImpl3;
注:如果如下图示例使用@Resource注入bean而不区分bean的名字会报以下错误:
expected single matching bean but found 3
@Resource
private UserService userService;