第一步:新建一个模块,添加web支持
第二步:Maven可能存在资源过滤问题,在pox.xml中添加一下代码
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
第三步:引入相关依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.13.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
第四步:配置web.xml
注意:
- web.xml版本问题
- 映射路径为/(不要用/*,会报404)
- 还有一种404,参考文章最下面404
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--第一步:配置DispatcherServlet,这是Spring MVC的核心;请求分发器,前段控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--绑定SpringMVC的配置文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!--springmvc-servlet配置文件名-->
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--启动级别-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
第五步:添加Spring MVC配置文件:springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--自动扫描包:让指定包下的注解生效,统一交由IOC容器统一管理-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.feng.controller"/>
<!--<bean id="/hello" class="com.feng.controller.HelloController"/>-->
<!--让spring MVC不处理静态资源,如.css .js .html...-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!--支持mvc注解驱动
在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
想要是@RequestMapping注解生效
必须和上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
和一个AnntationMethodHandlerAdapter实例
这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理。
而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成了上述两个实例的注入
-->
<!--处理器映射器:HandlerMapping-->
<!--<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>-->
<!--处理器适配器:HandlerAdapter-->
<!--<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>-->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!--视图解析器:ViewResolver-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
第六步:创建HelloController.java
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/controller")
//<context:component-scan base-package="com.feng.controller"/>是它让这个注解生效的
//原来是<!--<bean id="/hello" class="com.feng.controller.HelloController"/>-->
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")//url依靠次注解请求过来
public String hello(Model model){
//Model封装数据
model.addAttribute("msg","HelloSpringMVC");
//会被视图解析器解析,相当于id="/hello"
return "hello";
}
}
第七步:创建hello.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>
步骤总结:
1、新建一个Web项目
2、导入项目依赖的jar
3、编写web.xml,注册DispatcherServlet
4、编写SpringMVC配置文件
5、创建对应的控制类(controller)
6、完善视图和controller之间的对应
7、测试
spring MVC必须配置的三大件
处理器映射器、处理器适配器、视图解析器
处理器映射器和处理器适配器只需要开启注解驱动即可,视图解析器需要手动配置