控制器Controller
- 控制器负责提供访问应用程序的行为,通常通过接口定义或注解定义两种方式实现
- 控制器负责解析用户的请求并将其转换为一个模型
- 在Spring MVC中一个控制器可以包含多个方法
- 在Spring MVC中,对于Conrroller的配置方式有很多种
实现Controller接口
Controller接口,只要实现了改接口就获得了控制器的功能
public interface Controller {
@Nullable
ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception;
}
测试:
配置web.xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
spring配置文件springmvc-servlet.xml(注意名字要跟web.xml中的配置文件名保持一致)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--视图解析器:ViewResolver-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<bean name="/t1" class="com.feng.controller.ControllerTest1"/>
</beans>
Controller接口实现类ControllerTest1.java
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ControllerTest1 implements Controller {
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
//test1.jsp用“m”接收
mv.addObject("m","test1");
mv.setViewName("test1");
return mv;
}
}
test1.jsp文件,在WEB-INF/jsp/test1.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${m}
</body>
</html>
实现Controller接口是一个较老的方法,缺点就是一个控制器中只有一个方法,如果多个方法则需要定义多个Controller。
注解实现Controller
//被spring接管
@Component 组件
@Service service
@Controller controller
@Repository dao
实现:
web.xml、test1.jsp文件同上
spring配置文件springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--test2使用-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.feng.controller"/>
<!-- <mvc:default-servlet-handler />-->
<!-- <mvc:annotation-driven />-->
<!--视图解析器:ViewResolver-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--test1使用<bean name="/t1" class="com.feng.controller.ControllerTest1"/>-->
</beans>
ControllerTest2.java
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
//这个注解类会被spring接管
//这个类中的所有方法,如果返回值是String,且有具体的页面可以跳转,那么就会配视图解析器解析
public class ControllerTest2 {
@RequestMapping("t2")
public String test1(Model model){
model.addAttribute("m","@Controller");
return "test";//会跟视图解析器进行拼接:/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp
}
@RequestMapping("t3")
public String test2(Model model){
model.addAttribute("m","@Controller");
return "test1";//会跟视图解析器进行拼接:/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp
}
}
总结:可以发现两个请求可以指向同一个视图,但是页面结果的结果是不一样的,可以看出视图是被复用的,而控制器与视图之间是弱耦合关系。
注解是平时使用最多的方式