操作系统(银行家算法)

银行家算法

  • 安全性检测
  • 资源申请
/***********************************************************
* 版权所有 (C)2020, Liuzhihan
*
* 文件名称: os.cpp 
* 文件标识:无
* 内容摘要:银行家算法安全性检查,进程申请资源 
* 其它说明:无
* 当前版本: V3.0
* 作   者:刘志涵 
* 完成日期: 20200701
*
**********************************************************/

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
const int N = 100;

const int total_resources = 3; //资源总数

struct process
{
	/* data */
	int resources_max[total_resources];		   //每种资源的总大需求量
	int resources_allocation[total_resources]; //已分配的资源
	int resources_need[total_resources];	   //还需要的各类资源数
	/* need = max - allocation */
	bool finished;
};

int resources_available[total_resources]; //可分配的资源

int cnt_process;	   //总进程个数
int remaining_process; //未完成的进程个数
vector<process> p;	   //各进程数据

int State;
int request[total_resources]; //请求向量

int work[total_resources];
bool finished[N];
int sequence[N];
bool result;

/*********************************************************
* 功能描述:检查当前进程是否可以获取需要的资源need 
* 输入参数:cur - 进程号 
* 输出参数:true - 可以
			false - 不可以 
* 返回值:无 
* 其它说明:无 
************************************************************/
bool check(int cur)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < total_resources; i++)
	{
		if (p[cur].resources_need[i] > work[i])
			return false;
	}
	return true;
}

/*********************************************************
* 功能描述:dfs时选取下一个进程后 可分配资源减变化 
* 输入参数:i - 进程号 
* 输出参数:无 
* 返回值:无 
* 其它说明:无 
************************************************************/
void nextWork(int i)
{
	for (int j = 0; j < total_resources; ++j)
	{
		work[j] += p[i].resources_allocation[j];
	}
	finished[i] = true;
}

/*********************************************************
* 功能描述:dfs时返回后 可分配资源的前一状态 
* 输入参数:i - 进程号 
* 输出参数:无 
* 返回值:无 
* 其它说明:无 
************************************************************/
void prevWork(int i)
{
	for (int j = 0; j < total_resources; ++j)
	{
		work[j] -= p[i].resources_allocation[j];
	}
	finished[i] = false;
}

/*********************************************************
* 功能描述:显示可分配资源 Available
* 输入参数:无
* 输出参数:无 
* 返回值:无 
* 其它说明:无 
************************************************************/
void show_available()
{
	cout << endl;
	cout << "Available" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < total_resources; ++i)
	{
		if (i)
			cout << "   ";
		cout << "R" << i + 1;
	}
	cout << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < total_resources; ++i)
	{
		if (i)
			cout << "    ";
		cout << resources_available[i];
	}
	cout << endl
		 << endl;
}

/*********************************************************
* 功能描述:显示安全序列 
* 输入参数:无
* 输出参数:无 
* 返回值:无 
* 其它说明:无 
************************************************************/
void show_sequence()
{
	vector<int> v(total_resources);
	for (int i = 0; i < total_resources; ++i)
	{
		v[i] = resources_available[i];
	}

	cout << "       MAX  "
		 << "  Allocation"
		 << "  Need  "
		 << "  Available" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < cnt_process; ++i)
	{
		cout << "P" << sequence[i] + 1 << "   ";
		for (int j = 0; j < total_resources; ++j)
		{
			cout << " " << p[sequence[i]].resources_max[j];
		}
		cout << "    ";
		for (int j = 0; j < total_resources; ++j)
		{
			cout << " " << p[sequence[i]].resources_allocation[j];
		}
		cout << "    ";
		for (int j = 0; j < total_resources; ++j)
		{
			cout << " " << p[sequence[i]].resources_need[j];
		}
		cout << "    ";
		for (int j = 0; j < total_resources; ++j)
		{
			v[j] += p[sequence[i]].resources_allocation[j];
			cout << " " << v[j];
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
	cout << endl;
}

/*********************************************************
* 功能描述:dfs求安全序列 
* 输入参数:cnt - 可以分配资源的进程个数 
* 输出参数:无 
* 返回值:无 
* 其它说明:无 
************************************************************/
void dfs(int cnt)
{
	if (result) return; //注释这一行就可输出所有的安全序列
	if (cnt == cnt_process)
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < cnt; ++i)
		{
			if (i)
				cout << " -> ";
			cout << "P" << sequence[i] + 1;
		}
		cout << endl;
		show_available();
		show_sequence();
		result = true;
		return;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < cnt_process; ++i)
	{
		if (!finished[i] && check(i))
		{
			sequence[cnt] = i;
			nextWork(i);
			dfs(cnt + 1);
			prevWork(i);
		}
	}
}

//bool check_finished(process &tmp)
//{
//	bool flag = true;
//	for (int j = 0; j < total_resources; j++)
//	{
//		if (tmp.resources_need[j])
//		{
//			return false;
//		}
//	}
//	return true;
//}

/*********************************************************
* 功能描述:安全性检查 
* 输入参数:无
* 输出参数:无 
* 返回值:无 
* 其它说明:无 
************************************************************/
void getResult()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < total_resources; ++i)
	{
		work[i] = resources_available[i];
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < cnt_process; ++i)
	{
		//		finished[i] = p[i].finished;
		finished[i] = false;
		sequence[i] = -1;
	}
	result = false;
	dfs(0);
}

/*********************************************************
* 功能描述:主函数 
* 输入参数:无
* 输出参数:无 
* 返回值:无 
* 其它说明:无 
************************************************************/
int main()
{
	cout << "资源种类默认设置为3" << endl;
	cout << "请输入进程个数:";
	cin >> cnt_process;
	cout << "请依次输入各进程的最大需求 MAX 和已分配资源 Allocation" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < cnt_process; i++)
	{
		process temp{};
		cout << "MAX of process" << i << ":" << endl;
		for (int &j : temp.resources_max)
		{
			cin >> j;
		}
		cout << "Allocation of process" << i << ":" << endl;
		for (int j = 0; j < total_resources; j++)
		{
			cin >> temp.resources_allocation[j];
			temp.resources_need[j] = temp.resources_max[j] - temp.resources_allocation[j];
		}
		//		temp.finished = check_finished(temp);
		temp.finished = false;
		p.push_back(temp);
	}
	cout << "Available:" << endl;
	for (int &i : resources_available)
	{
		cin >> i;
	}

	cout << endl
		 << "-----------------------------------------------" << endl
		 << endl;

	getResult();
	if (!result)
	{
		cout << "Deadlock!" << endl;
		return 0;
	}
	cout << "T" << State << " is safe." << endl
		 << endl;

	while (true)
	{
		int mark;
		cout << endl
			 << "1.继续申请资源" << endl
			 << "0.退出" << endl;
		cin >> mark;
		if (mark == 0)
			break;

		int process_num;
		cout << "选择进程 process(1-" << cnt_process << "): ";
		cin >> process_num;
		process_num--;

		cout << "输入请求向量 Request[1..." << total_resources << "]: ";
		for (int i = 0; i < total_resources; i++)
		{
			cin >> request[i];
		}

		bool flag = true;
		for (int i = 0; i < total_resources; i++)
		{
			if (request[i] > p[process_num].resources_need[i] || request[i] > resources_available[i])
			{
				flag = false;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (!flag)
		{
			cout << "请求向量不合法,请重新选择" << endl;
			continue;
		}

		for (int i = 0; i < total_resources; i++)
		{
			p[process_num].resources_allocation[i] += request[i];
			p[process_num].resources_need[i] -= request[i];
			resources_available[i] -= request[i];
		}

		getResult();
		if (!result)
		{
			cout << "T" << State + 1 << " is Deadlock!" << endl;
			return 0;
		}
		State++;
		cout << "T" << State << " is safe." << endl
			 << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
4
3 2 2
1 0 0
6 1 3
5 1 1
3 1 4
2 1 1
4 2 2
0 0 2
1 1 2

2
1 0 1
3
0 0 1
*/
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操作系统课的实验(银行家算法)#include "malloc.h"   #include "stdio.h"   #include "stdlib.h"   #define alloclen sizeof(struct allocation)   #define maxlen sizeof(struct max)   #define avalen sizeof(struct available)   #define needlen sizeof(struct need)   #define finilen sizeof(struct finish)   #define pathlen sizeof(struct path)   struct allocation   {   int value;   struct allocation *next;   };   struct max   {   int value;   struct max *next;   };   struct available /*可用资源数*/   {   int value;   struct available *next;   };   struct need /*需求资源数*/   {   int value;   struct need *next;   };   struct path   {   int value;   struct path *next;   };   struct finish   {   int stat;   struct finish *next;   };   int main()   {   int row,colum,status=0,i,j,t,temp,processtest;   struct allocation *allochead,*alloc1,*alloc2,*alloctemp;   struct max *maxhead,*maxium1,*maxium2,*maxtemp;   struct available *avahead,*available1,*available2,*workhead,*work1,*work2,*worktemp,*worktemp1;   struct need *needhead,*need1,*need2,*needtemp;   struct finish *finihead,*finish1,*finish2,*finishtemp;   struct path *pathhead,*path1,*path2;   printf("\n请输入系统资源的种类数:");   scanf("%d",&colum);   printf("请输入现时内存中的进程数:");   scanf("%d",&row);   printf("请输入已分配资源矩阵:\n");   for(i=0;i<row;i++)   {   for (j=0;jnext=alloc2->next=NULL;   scanf("%d",&allochead->value);   status++;   }   else   {   alloc2=(struct allocation *)malloc(alloclen);   scanf("%d,%d",&alloc2->value);   if(status==1)   {   allochead->next=alloc2;   status++;   }   alloc1->next=alloc2;   alloc1=alloc2;   }   }   }   alloc2->next=NULL;   status=0;   printf("请输入最大需求矩阵:\n");   for(i=0;i<row;i++)   {   for (j=0;jnext=maxium2->next=NULL;   scanf("%d",&maxium1->value);   status++;   }   else   {   maxium2=(struct max *)malloc(maxlen);   scanf("%d,%d",&maxium2->value);   if(status==1)   {   maxhead->next=maxium2;   status++;   }   maxium1->next=maxium2;   maxium1=maxium2;   }   }   }   maxium2->next=NULL;   status=0;   printf("请输入现时系统剩余的资源矩阵:\n");   for (j=0;jnext=available2->next=NULL;   work1->next=work2->next=NULL;   scanf("%d",&available1->value);   work1->value=available1->value;   status++;   }   else   {   available2=(struct available*)malloc(avalen);   work2=(struct available*)malloc(avalen);   scanf("%d,%d",&available2->value);   work2->value=available2->value;   if(status==1)   {   avahead->next=available2;   workhead->next=work2;   status++;   }   available1->next=available2;   available1=available2;   work1->next=work2;   work1=work2;   }   }   available2->next=NULL;   work2->next=NULL;   status=0;   alloctemp=allochead;   maxtemp=maxhead;   for(i=0;i<row;i++)   for (j=0;jnext=need2->next=NULL;   need1->value=maxtemp->value-alloctemp->value;   status++;   }   else   {   need2=(struct need *)malloc(needlen);   need2->value=(maxtemp->value)-(alloctemp->value);   if(status==1)   {   needhead->next=need2;   status++;   }   need1->next=need2;   need1=need2;   }   maxtemp=maxtemp->next;   alloctemp=alloctemp->next;   }   need2->next=NULL;   status=0;   for(i=0;inext=finish2->next=NULL;   finish1->stat=0;   status++;   }   else   {   finish2=(struct finish*)malloc(finilen);   finish2->stat=0;   if(status==1)   {   finihead->next=finish2;   status++;   }   finish1->next=finish2;   finish1=finish2;   }   }   finish2->next=NULL; /*Initialization compleated*/   status=0;   processtest=0;   for(temp=0;temp<row;temp++)   {   alloctemp=allochead;   needtemp=needhead;   finishtemp=finihead;   worktemp=workhead;   for(i=0;istat==0)   {   for(j=0;jnext,worktemp=worktemp->next)   if(needtemp->valuevalue)   processtest++;   if(processtest==colum)   {   for(j=0;jvalue+=alloctemp->value;   worktemp1=worktemp1->next;   alloctemp=alloctemp->next;   }   if(status==0)   {   pathhead=path1=path2=(struct path*)malloc(pathlen);   path1->next=path2->next=NULL;   path1->value=i;   status++;   }   else   {   path2=(struct path*)malloc(pathlen);   path2->value=i;   if(status==1)   {   pathhead->next=path2;   status++;   }   path1->next=path2;   path1=path2;   }   finishtemp->stat=1;   }   else   {   for(t=0;tnext;   finishtemp->stat=0;   }   }   else   for(t=0;tnext;   alloctemp=alloctemp->next;   }   processtest=0;   worktemp=workhead;   finishtemp=finishtemp->next;   }   }   path2->next=NULL;   finishtemp=finihead;   for(temp=0;tempstat==0)   {   printf("\n系统处于非安全状态!\n");   exit(0);   }   finishtemp=finishtemp->next;   }   printf("\n系统处于安全状态.\n");   printf("\n安全序列为: \n");   do   {   printf("p%d ",pathhead->value);   }   while(pathhead=pathhead->next);   printf("\n");   return 0;   } #include "string.h" #include #include #define M 5 #define N 3 #define FALSE 0 #define TRUE 1 /*M个进程对N类资源最大资源需求量*/ int MAX[M][N]={{7,5,3},{3,2,2},{9,0,2},{2,2,2},{4,3,3}}; /*系统可用资源数*/ int AVAILABLE[N]={10,5,7}; /*M个进程对N类资源最大资源需求量*/ int ALLOCATION[M][N]={{0,0,0},{0,0,0},{0,0,0},{0,0,0},{0,0,0}}; /*M个进程已经得到N类资源的资源量 */ int NEED[M][N]={{7,5,3},{3,2,2},{9,0,2},{2,2,2},{4,3,3}}; /*M个进程还需要N类资源的资源量*/ int Request[N]={0,0,0}; void main() { int i=0,j=0; char flag='Y'; void showdata(); void changdata(int); void rstordata(int); int chkerr(int); showdata(); while(flag=='Y'||flag=='y') { i=-1; while(i=M) { printf("请输入需申请资源的进程号(从0到"); printf("%d",M-1); printf(",否则重输入!):"); scanf("%d",&i); if(i=M)printf("输入的进程号不存在,重新输入!\n"); } printf("请输入进程"); printf("%d",i); printf("申请的资源数\n"); for (j=0;jNEED[i][j]) { printf("进程"); printf("%d",i); printf("申请的资源数大于进程"); printf("%d",i); printf("还需要"); printf("%d",j); printf("类资源的资源量!申请不合理,出错!请重新选择!\n"); /*printf("申请不合理,出错!请重新选择!\n");*/ flag='N'; break; } else { if(Request[j]>AVAILABLE[j]) { printf("进程"); printf("%d",i); printf("申请的资源数大于系统可用"); printf("%d",j); printf("类资源的资源量!申请不合理,出错!请重新选择!\n"); /*printf("申请不合理,出错!请重新选择!\n");*/ flag='N'; break; } } } if(flag=='Y'||flag=='y') { changdata(i); if(chkerr(i)) { rstordata(i); showdata(); } else showdata(); } else showdata(); printf("\n"); printf("是否继续银行家算法演示,按'Y'或'y'键继续,按'N'或'n'键退出演示: "); scanf("%c",&flag); } } void showdata() { int i,j; printf("系统可用的资源数为:\n"); printf(" "); for (j=0;j<N;j++){ printf(" 资源"); printf("%d",j); printf(":"); printf("%d",AVAILABLE[j]); /*printf("\n");*/ /* cout<<endl; // cout<<"各进程资源的最大需求量:"<<endl<<endl; // for (i=0;i<M;i++) // { // cout<<"进程"<<i<<":"; // for (j=0;j<N;j++)cout<<" 资源"<<j<<": "<<MAX[i][j]; // cout<<endl; */ } printf("\n"); printf("各进程还需要的资源量:\n"); for (i=0;i<M;i++) { printf(" 进程"); printf("%d",i); printf(":"); for (j=0;j<N;j++){ printf("资源"); printf("%d",j); printf(":"); printf("%d",NEED[i][j]); /*printf("\n");*/ } printf("\n"); } printf("各进程已经得到的资源量: \n"); for (i=0;i<M;i++) { printf(" 进程"); printf("%d",i); /*printf(":\n");*/ for (j=0;j<N;j++){ printf("资源"); printf("%d",j); printf(":"); printf("%d",ALLOCATION[i][j]); /*printf("\n");*/ } printf("\n"); } } void changdata(int k) { int j; for (j=0;j<N;j++) { AVAILABLE[j]=AVAILABLE[j]-Request[j]; ALLOCATION[k][j]=ALLOCATION[k][j]+Request[j]; NEED[k][j]=NEED[k][j]-Request[j]; } }; void rstordata(int k) { int j; for (j=0;j<N;j++) { AVAILABLE[j]=AVAILABLE[j]+Request[j]; ALLOCATION[k][j]=ALLOCATION[k][j]-Request[j]; NEED[k][j]=NEED[k][j]+Request[j]; } }; int chkerr(int s) { int WORK,FINISH[M],temp[M]; int i,j,k=0; for(i=0;i<M;i++)FINISH[i]=FALSE; for(j=0;j<N;j++) { WORK=AVAILABLE[j]; i=s; while(i<M) { if (FINISH[i]==FALSE&&NEED[i][j]<=WORK) { WORK=WORK+ALLOCATION[i][j]; FINISH[i]=TRUE; temp[k]=i; k++; i=0; } else { i++; } } for(i=0;i<M;i++) if(FINISH[i]==FALSE) { printf("\n"); printf("系统不安全!!! 本次资源申请不成功!!!\n"); printf("\n"); return 1; } } printf("\n"); printf("经安全性检查,系统安全,本次分配成功。\n"); printf("\n"); printf(" 本次安全序列:"); for(i=0;i"); } printf("\n"); return 0; }
银行家算法是一种用于避免死锁的资源分配算法。它通过判断系统是否处于安全状态来决定是否分配资源给进程。在银行家算法中,系统维护了以下几个数据结构: 1. Available:表示系统中每种资源的可用数量。 2. Max:表示每个进程对每种资源的最大需求量。 3. Allocation:表示每个进程已分配的资源数量。 4. Need:表示每个进程还需要的资源数量。 银行家算法的基本思想是,当一个进程请求资源时,系统会先检查该请求是否满足以下条件: 1. Request <= Need:进程请求的资源数量不能超过其还需要的资源数量。 2. Request <= Available:进程请求的资源数量不能超过系统中可用的资源数量。 如果满足以上两个条件,则系统会模拟分配资源给进程,并更新Available、Allocation和Need的值。然后,系统会检查分配资源后的状态是否安全,即是否存在一种资源分配顺序,使得所有进程都能完成执行。如果存在安全序列,则系统会真正分配资源给进程;否则,系统会拒绝分配资源,以避免死锁。 以下是一个简单的银行家算法的示例代码: ```python def is_safe_state(available, max_demand, allocation): num_processes = len(max_demand) num_resources = len(available) work = available[:] finish = [False] * num_processes while True: found = False for i in range(num_processes): if not finish[i] and all(need <= work for need, work in zip(max_demand[i], work)): work = [work[j] + allocation[i][j] for j in range(num_resources)] finish[i] = True found = True if not found: break return all(finish) available = [3, 3, 2] max_demand = [[7, 5, 3], [3, 2, 2], [9, 0, 2], [2, 2, 2], [4, 3, 3]] allocation = [[0, 1, 0], [2, 0, 0], [3, 0, 2], [2, 1, 1], [0, 0, 2]] if is_safe_state(available, max_demand, allocation): print("System is in a safe state.") else: print("System is in an unsafe state.") ``` 该示例中,available表示系统中每种资源的可用数量,max_demand表示每个进程对每种资源的最大需求量,allocation表示每个进程已分配的资源数量。is_safe_state函数用于判断系统是否处于安全状态。如果系统处于安全状态,则输出"System is in a safe state.";否则,输出"System is in an unsafe state."。
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