Spring 控制接口多个实现类Bean问题。

一、接口、实现类关系

• 接口：MoreImplService
• 抽象类：AbstractMoreImplTestService
• 实现类：MoreImplTest1ServiceImpl、MoreImplTest2ServiceImpl
  
  

二、直接使用实现类接收Bean

• 实现类 MoreImplTest1ServiceImpl

//@Component("moreImplTest1Service")
@Component
public class MoreImplTest1ServiceImpl extends AbstractMoreImplTestService {
    @Override
    public String test() {
        System.out.println("我是test1");
        return "我是test1";
    }
}

• 实现类 MoreImplTest2ServiceImpl

//@Component("moreImplTest2Service")
@Component
public class MoreImplTest2ServiceImpl extends AbstractMoreImplTestService {
    @Override
    public String test() {
        System.out.println("我是test2");
        return "我是test2";
    }
}

• 调用注入类：MoreImplController

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/moreimpl")
public class MoreImplController {

    private final Map<Integer, MoreImplService> moreImplServiceMap = new HashMap<>();
    private final HttpClientProvider httpClientProvider;

    public MoreImplController(MoreImplTest1ServiceImpl moreImplTest1Service,
                              MoreImplTest1ServiceImpl moreImplTest2Service,
                              HttpClientProvider httpClientProvider) {
        this.httpClientProvider = httpClientProvider;
        moreImplServiceMap.put(1, moreImplTest1Service);
        moreImplServiceMap.put(2, moreImplTest2Service);
    }

    @GetMapping
    public void moreImplTestNb(@RequestParam String from) throws IOException {
        MoreImplService moreImplService = moreImplServiceMap.get(0);
        if ("1".equals(from)) {
            moreImplService = moreImplServiceMap.get(1);
        }
        moreImplService.test();
    }
}

以上在调用注入类中直接使用实现类来接受他们各自的Bean。

三、使用Bean别名，且使用接口来接收

• 实现类 MoreImplTest1ServiceImpl

@Component("moreImplTest1Service")
//@Component
public class MoreImplTest1AServiceImpl extends AbstractMoreImplTestService {
    @Override
    public String test() {
        System.out.println("我是test2");
        return "我是test2";
    }
}

• 实现类 MoreImplTest2ServiceImpl

@Component("moreImplTest2Service")
//@Component
public class MoreImplTest2ServiceImpl extends AbstractMoreImplTestService {
    @Override
    public String test() {
        System.out.println("我是test2");
        return "我是test2";
    }
}

• 调用注入类 MoreImplController

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/moreimpl")
public class MoreImplController {

    private final Map<Integer, MoreImplService> moreImplServiceMap = new HashMap<>();
    private final HttpClientProvider httpClientProvider;

    public MoreImplController(MoreImplService moreImplTest1Service,
                              MoreImplService moreImplTest2Service,
                              HttpClientProvider httpClientProvider) {
        this.httpClientProvider = httpClientProvider;
        moreImplServiceMap.put(1, moreImplTest1Service);
        moreImplServiceMap.put(2, moreImplTest2Service);
    }

    @GetMapping
    public void moreImplTestNb(@RequestParam String from) throws IOException {
        MoreImplService moreImplService = moreImplServiceMap.get(0);
        if ("1".equals(from)) {
            moreImplService = moreImplServiceMap.get(1);
        }
        moreImplService.test();
        test();
    }
}

以上是调用注入类通过接口接受Bean，且Bean是通过别名注入的。

四、小总结

• 直接使用实现类接收Bean看起来不优雅，而且在低版本Spring可能会出现注入错误的情况，目前我使用的版本没有复现。
• 直接Bean别名和接口接收，代码很优雅，而且类是通过name去注入，可以一定程度避免依赖循环问题。
• 小tips：接口多个实现类时，可以直接使用List<?>来接收所以实现类，当时我们需要根据我们的规则给List排序，不然自己都不在使用哪个实现类。Spring源码是怎么对多个实现类的List接收顺序是怎么样的，感兴趣的小伙伴可以去了解一下。