SpringData JPA
一、概述
1.springdata Jpa 简述
Spring Data JPA 是 Spring 基于 ORM 框架、JPA 规范的基础上封装的一套JPA应用框架,推荐使用Spring Data JPA + ORM(如:hibernate)完成操作,SpringData Jpa 极大简化了数据库访问层代码,使用了SpringDataJpa,我们的dao层中只需要写接口,就自动具有了增删改查、分页查询等方法;
2.Spring Data JPA 与 JPA和hibernate之间的关系
JPA是一套规范,内部是有接口和抽象类组成的。hibernate是一套成熟的ORM框架,而且Hibernate实现了JPA规范,所以也可以称hibernate为JPA的一种实现方式;
Spring Data JPA是Spring提供的一套对JPA操作更加高级的封装,是在JPA规范下的专门用来进行数据持久化的解决方案;
二、入门案例
1.pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zhangzhen</groupId>
<artifactId>Springdata_jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
<c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- junit单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.9</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring end -->
<!-- hibernate beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>5.2.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate end -->
<!-- c3p0 beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>${c3p0.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- c3p0 end -->
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.zhangzhen</groupId>
<artifactId>JPA_basic</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- el end -->
</dependencies>
</project>
2.整合spring 与springdata jpa
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--spring 和 spring data jpa的配置-->
<bean id="entityManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<!--配置扫描的包-->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.zhangzhen.domain"></property>
<!--jpa实现厂商-->
<property name="persistenceProvider">
<bean id="persistenceProvider" class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"></bean>
</property>
<!--jpa的供应商适配器 -->
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<!--配置是否自动创建数据库表 -->
<property name="generateDdl" value="false"/>
<!--指定数据库类型 -->
<property name="database" value="MYSQL"/>
<!--数据库方言:支持的特有语法 -->
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"/>
<!--是否显示sql -->
<property name="showSql" value="true"/>
</bean>
</property>
<!--jpa的方言 :高级的特性 -->
<property name="jpaDialect">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"/>
</property>
</bean>
<!--2.创建数据库连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="****"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql01"></property>
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
</bean>
<!--3.整合spring dataJpa-->
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.zhangzhen.*" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManager"></jpa:repositories>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManager"></property>
</bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!--
<!–aop切点–>
<aop:config >
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(*com.zhangzhen.)"
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut"></aop:advisor>
</aop:config>
-->
<!--5.声明式事务 -->
<!-- 6. 配置包扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zhangzhen.*"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
3.实体映射关系
package com.zhangzhen.domain;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.Date;
@Entity //声明实体类
@Table(name = "user") //建立实体类与表的映射关系
public class User {
@Id //声明当前私有属性为主键
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) //配置主键的生成策略
@Column(name = "id") //指定和表中主键字段的映射关系
private Long id ;
@Column(name = "username")
private String name ;
@Column(name = "birthday")
private Date bday;
@Column(name = "sex")
private String sex;
@Column(name = "address")
private String address ;
/*省略get()、set()方法*/
}
4.编写符合Spring Data JPA规范的Dao层接口
/**
* JpaRepository<实体类类型,主键类型>:用来完成基本CRUD操作
* JpaSpecificationExecutor<实体类类型>:用于复杂查询(分页等查询操作)
*/
public interface UserDao extends JpaRepository<User, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<User> {
}
5.完成CRUD操作
import com.zhangzhen.dao.UserDao;
import com.zhangzhen.domain.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) //声明spring提供的单元测试环境
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")//指定spring容器的配置信息
public class UserDaoTest {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
/* 对于save方法的解释:如果执行此方法是对象中存在id属性,即为更新操作会先根据id查询,再更新
如果执行此方法中对象中不存在id属性,即为保存操作*/
@Test
public void testsave(){
User user = new User();
user.setName("情人节2020.08.25");
userDao.save(user);
}
@Test
public void Updatetest(){
User user = userDao.findOne(61L);
user.setName("西安大融城");
user.setAddress("高新区");
userDao.save(user);
}
/**
* 根据id删除:调用delete(id)方法
*/
@Test
public void testDelete() {
UserDao.delete(1l);
}
/**
* 根据id查询:调用findOne(id)方法
*/
@Test
public void testFindById() {
User user = userDao.findOne(61L);
System.out.println(user);
}
}
三、springsdata Jpa原理分析
1.接口分析
我们发现在自定义的CustomerDao中,并没有提供任何方法就可以使用其中的很多方法,那么这些方法究竟是怎么来的呢?答案很简单,对于我们自定义的Dao接口,由于继承了JpaRepository和JpaSpecificationExecutor,所以我们可以使用这两个接口的所有方法;
2.Spring Data JPA的实现过程
*** 代理子类的实现过程**
代理对象中方法调用的分析
当程序执行的时候,会通过JdkDynamicAopProxy的invoke方法,对customerDao对象生成动态代理对象。根据对Spring Data JPA介绍而知,要想进行findOne查询方法,最终还是会出现JPA规范的API完成操作,那么这些底层代码存在于何处呢?答案很简单,都隐藏在通过JdkDynamicAopProxy生成的动态代理对象当中,而这个动态代理对象就是SimpleJpaRepository;
四、查询方式
1.JPQL
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long>,JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
//@Query 使用jpql的方式查询。
@Query(value="from Customer") //Customer为实体类名,非数据库表名
public List<Customer> findAllCustomer();
//@Query 使用jpql的方式查询。?1代表参数的占位符,其中1对应方法中的参数索引
@Query(value="from Customer where custName = ?1")
public Customer findCustomer(String custName);
}
@Query(value="update Customer set custName = ?1 where custId = ?2")
@Modifying //更新操作注解,标识未修改查询
public void updateCustomer(String custName,Long custId);
,非数据库表名
public List findAllCustomer();
//@Query 使用jpql的方式查询。?1代表参数的占位符,其中1对应方法中的参数索引
@Query(value="from Customer where custName = ?1")
public Customer findCustomer(String custName);
}
```java
@Query(value="update Customer set custName = ?1 where custId = ?2")
@Modifying //更新操作注解,标识未修改查询
public void updateCustomer(String custName,Long custId);