OpenCV4函数合集

第二章 数据载入、显示与保存

2.1 图像存储容器

2.1.1 Mat类介绍

Mat分为矩阵头和指向存储数据的矩阵指针两部分。

代码清单2-1 创建Mat类

cv::Mat a; //创建一个名为a的矩阵头
a = cv::imread("test.jpd"); //向a中赋值图像数据，矩阵指针指向像素数据
cv::Mat b = a; //复制矩阵头，并命名为b

代码清单2-2 声明一个指定类型的Mat类

cv::Mat A = Mat_<double>(3,3); //创建一个3*3的矩阵用于存放double类型数据

代码清单2-3 通过OpenCV数据类型创建Mat类

cv::Mat a(640,480,CV_8UC3); //创建一个640*480的3通道矩阵用于存放彩色图像
cv::Mat a(3,3,CV_8UC1); //创建一个3*3的8位无符号整数的单通道矩阵
cv::Mat a(3,3,CV_8U); //创建单通道矩阵，c1标识可以省略

2.1.2 Mat类构造与赋值

1.Mat类的构造

代码清单2-4 默认构造函数使用方式

cv::Mat::Mat（）;

代码清单2-5 利用矩阵尺寸和类型参数构造Mat类

cv::Mat::Mat(int rows,
            int cols,
            int type
            )

• rows:构造矩阵的行数
• cols：矩阵的列数
• type：矩阵中存储的数据类型

代码清单2-6 用Size()结构构造Mat

cv::Mat(Size size(),
       int type
       )

• size：二维数组变量尺寸，通过Size(cols,rows)进行赋值
• type：与代码清单2-5中的参数一致

代码清单2-7 用Size()结构构造Mat示例

cv::Mat a(Size(480,640),CV_8UC1); //构造一个行为640、列为480的单通道矩阵
cv::Mat b(Size(480,640),CV_32FC3); //构造一个行为640、列为480的3通道矩阵

代码清单2-8 利用已有矩阵构造Mat类

cv::Mat::Mat(const Mat & m);

• m：是已经构建完成的Mat类矩阵数据

提示：如果希望复制两个一模一样的Mat类而彼此之间不会受影响，那么可以使用m=a.clone()实现

代码清单2-9 构造已有Mat类的子类

cv::Mat::Mat(const Mat & m,
            const Range & rowRange,
            const Range & rowRange = Rang::all()
            )

• m：是已经构建完成的Mat类矩阵数据
• rowRange：在已有矩阵中需要截取的行数范围，是一个Rang变量，例如从第2行到第5行可以表示位Rang(2,5)
• rowRange：在已有矩阵中需要截取的列数范围，是一个Rang变量，例如从第2列到第5列可以表示位Rang(2,5)，默认所有列都会截取。

代码清单2-10 在原Mat中截取子Mat类

cv::Mat b(a, Rang(2,5), Rang(2,5)); //从a中截取部分数据构造b
cv::Mat c(a, Rang(2,5)); //默认最后一个参数构成c

2.2 图像的读取与显示

2.2.1 图像读取函数 imread

imread()

empty()

2.2.2 图像窗口函数 namedWindow

namedWindow()

2.2.3 图像显示函数 imshow

imshow()

cv::waitKey()

2.3 视频加载与摄像头调用

2.3.1 视频数据的读取

VideoCapture类构造函数

isOpened()

“>>”

empty()

get()

代码清单2-28 读取视频文件

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	system("color F0");  //更改输出界面颜色
	VideoCapture video("cup.mp4");
	if (video.isOpened())
	{
		cout << "视频中图像的宽度=" << video.get(CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH) << endl;
		cout << "视频中图像的高度=" << video.get(CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT) << endl;
		cout << "视频帧率=" << video.get(CAP_PROP_FPS) << endl;
		cout << "视频的总帧数=" << video.get(CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT);
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "请确认视频文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	while (1)
	{
		Mat frame;
		video >> frame;
		if (frame.empty())
		{
			break;
		}
		imshow("video", frame);
		waitKey(1000 / video.get(CAP_PROP_FPS));
	}
	waitKey();
	return 0;
}

2.3.2 摄像头的直接调用

VideoCapture类还可以调用摄像头

2.4 数据保存

2.4.1 图像的保存

imwrite()

代码清单2-32 保存图像

#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>

using	namespace std;
using	namespace cv;

void AlphaMat(Mat &mat)
{
	CV_Assert(mat.channels() == 4);
	for (int i = 0; i < mat.rows; ++i)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < mat.cols; ++j)
			{
				Vec4b& bgra = mat.at<Vec4b>(i, j);
				bgra[0] = UCHAR_MAX;  // 蓝色通道
				bgra[1] = saturate_cast<uchar>((float(mat.cols - j)) / ((float)mat.cols) * UCHAR_MAX);  // 绿色通道
				bgra[2] = saturate_cast<uchar>((float(mat.rows - i)) / ((float)mat.rows) * UCHAR_MAX);  // 红色通道
				bgra[3] = saturate_cast<uchar>(0.5 * (bgra[1] + bgra[2]));  // Alpha通道
			}
		}
}
int main(int agrc, char** agrv)
{
	// Create mat with alpha channel
	Mat mat(480, 640, CV_8UC4);
	AlphaMat(mat);
	vector<int> compression_params;
	compression_params.push_back(IMWRITE_PNG_COMPRESSION);  //PNG格式图像压缩标志
	compression_params.push_back(9);  //设置最高压缩质量		
	bool result = imwrite("alpha.png", mat, compression_params);
	if (!result)
	{
		cout << "保存成PNG格式图像失败" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	cout << "保存成功" << endl;
	return 0;
}

2.4.2 视频的保存

VideoWriter类构造函数

isOpened()

get()

“<<” 或者 write()

release()

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	Mat img;
	VideoCapture video(0);  //使用某个摄像头

	//读取视频
	//VideoCapture video;
	//video.open("cup.mp4");  

	if (!video.isOpened())  // 判断是否调用成功
	{
		cout << "打开摄像头失败，请确实摄像头是否安装成功";
		return -1;
	}

	video >> img;  //获取图像
	//检测是否成功获取图像
	if (img.empty())   //判断有没有读取图像成功
	{
		cout << "没有获取到图像" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	bool isColor = (img.type() == CV_8UC3);  //判断相机（视频）类型是否为彩色

	VideoWriter writer;
	int codec = VideoWriter::fourcc('M', 'J', 'P', 'G');  // 选择编码格式
	//OpenCV 4.0版本设置编码格式
	//int codec = CV_FOURCC('M', 'J', 'P', 'G'); 

	double fps = 25.0;  //设置视频帧率 
	string filename = "live.avi";  //保存的视频文件名称
	writer.open(filename, codec, fps, img.size(), isColor);  //创建保存视频文件的视频流

	if (!writer.isOpened())   //判断视频流是否创建成功
	{
		cout << "打开视频文件失败，请确实是否为合法输入" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	while (1)
	{
		//检测是否执行完毕
		if (!video.read(img))   //判断能都继续从摄像头或者视频文件中读出一帧图像
		{
			cout << "摄像头断开连接或者视频读取完成" << endl;
			break;
		}
		writer.write(img);  //把图像写入视频流
		//writer << img;
		imshow("Live", img);  //显示图像
		char c = waitKey(50);
		if (c == 27)  //按ESC案件退出视频保存
		{
			break;
		}
	}
	// 退出程序时刻自动关闭视频流
	//video.release();
	//writer.release();	
	return 0;
}

2.4.3 保存和读取XML和YMAL文件

FileStorage类构造函数

isOpened()

open()

“<<” 、 “>>”

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	system("color F0");  //修改运行程序背景和文字颜色
	//string fileName = "datas.xml";  //文件的名称
	string fileName = "datas.yaml";  //文件的名称
	//以写入的模式打开文件
	cv::FileStorage fwrite(fileName, cv::FileStorage::WRITE);
	
	//存入矩阵Mat类型的数据
	Mat mat = Mat::eye(3, 3, CV_8U);
	fwrite.write("mat", mat);  //使用write()函数写入数据
	//存入浮点型数据，节点名称为x
	float x = 100;
	fwrite << "x" << x;
	//存入字符串型数据，节点名称为str
	String str = "Learn OpenCV 4";
	fwrite << "str" << str;
	//存入数组,节点名称为number_array
	fwrite << "number_array" << "[" <<4<<5<<6<< "]";
	//存入多node节点数据,主名称为multi_nodes
	fwrite << "multi_nodes" << "{" << "month" << 8 << "day" << 28 << "year"
		<< 2019 << "time" << "[" << 0 << 1 << 2 << 3 << "]" << "}";

	//关闭文件
	fwrite.release();

	//以读取的模式打开文件
	cv::FileStorage fread(fileName, cv::FileStorage::READ);
	//判断是否成功打开文件
	if (!fread.isOpened())
	{
		cout << "打开文件失败，请确认文件名称是否正确！" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	//读取文件中的数据
	float xRead;
	fread["x"] >> xRead;  //读取浮点型数据
	cout << "x=" << xRead << endl;

	//读取字符串数据
	string strRead;
	fread["str"] >> strRead;
	cout << "str=" << strRead << endl;

	//读取含多个数据的number_array节点
	FileNode fileNode = fread["number_array"];
	cout << "number_array=[";
	//循环遍历每个数据
	for (FileNodeIterator i = fileNode.begin(); i != fileNode.end(); i++)
	{
		float a;
		*i >> a;
		cout << a<<" ";
	}
	cout << "]" << endl;

	//读取Mat类型数据
	Mat matRead;
	fread["mat="] >> matRead;
	cout << "mat=" << mat << endl;

	//读取含有多个子节点的节点数据，不使用FileNode和迭代器进行读取
	FileNode fileNode1 = fread["multi_nodes"];
	int month = (int)fileNode1["month"];
	int day = (int)fileNode1["day"];
	int year = (int)fileNode1["year"];
	cout << "multi_nodes:" << endl 
		<< "  month=" << month << "  day=" << day << "  year=" << year;
	cout << "  time=[";
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
	{
		int a = (int)fileNode1["time"][i];
		cout << a << " ";
	}
	cout << "]" << endl;
	
	//关闭文件
	fread.release();
	return 0;
}

第三章 图像基本操作

3.1 图像颜色空间

3.1.1 颜色模型与转换

1. RGB颜色模型
2. YUV颜色模型
3. HSV颜色模型
4. Lab颜色模型
5. GRAY颜色模型

6.不同颜色模型间的互想转换

cvtColor()函数用于将图像从一个颜色模型转换为另一个颜色模型

void cv::cvtColor(InputArray src,
                 OutputArray dst,
                 int code,
                 int dstCn = 0
                 )

• src：待转换颜色模型原始图像
• dst：转换颜色模型后的目标图像
• code：颜色空间转换的标志，如由RGB空间到HSV空间
• dstCn：目标图像中的通道数

代码清单3-2 图像颜色模型相互转换

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
    Mat img = imread("E:/BaiduNetdiskDownload/data/lena.png");
    if (img.empty())
    {
        cout << "请确认图像文件名称师范正确" << endl;
        return -1;
    }
    Mat gray, HSV, YUV, Lab, img32;
    img.convertTo(img32, CV_32F, 1.0 / 255); //将CV_8U类型转换成CV_32F类型
    //img32.convertTo(img,CV_8U,255); //将CV_32F类型转换成CV_8U类型
    cvtColor(img32, HSV, COLOR_BGR2HSV);
    cvtColor(img32, YUV, COLOR_BGR2YUV);
    cvtColor(img32, Lab, COLOR_BGR2Lab);
    cvtColor(img32, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
    imshow("原图", img32);
    imshow("HSV", HSV);
    imshow("YUV", YUV);
    imshow("Lab", Lab);
    imshow("gray", gray);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

convertTo()

3.1.2 多通道分离与合并

split()

merge()

代码清单3-6 实现图像分离与合并

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	Mat img = imread("lena.png");
	if (img.empty())
	{
		cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	Mat HSV;
	cvtColor(img, HSV, COLOR_RGB2HSV);
	Mat imgs0, imgs1, imgs2;  //用于存放数组类型的结果
	Mat imgv0, imgv1, imgv2;  //用于存放vector类型的结果
	Mat result0, result1, result2;  //多通道合并的结果

									//输入数组参数的多通道分离与合并
	Mat imgs[3];
	split(img, imgs);
	imgs0 = imgs[0];
	imgs1 = imgs[1];
	imgs2 = imgs[2];
	imshow("RGB-B通道", imgs0);  //显示分离后B通道的像素值
	imshow("RGB-G通道", imgs1);  //显示分离后G通道的像素值
	imshow("RGB-R通道", imgs2);  //显示分离后R通道的像素值
	imgs[2] = img;  //将数组中的图像通道数变成不统一
	merge(imgs, 3, result0);  //合并图像
							  //imshow("result0", result0);  //imshow最多显示4个通道，因此结果在Image Watch中查看
	Mat zero = cv::Mat::zeros(img.rows, img.cols, CV_8UC1);
	imgs[0] = zero;
	imgs[2] = zero;
	merge(imgs, 3, result1);  //用于还原G通道的真实情况，合并结果为绿色
	imshow("result1", result1);  //显示合并结果

								 //输入vector参数的多通道分离与合并
	vector<Mat> imgv;
	split(HSV, imgv);
	imgv0 = imgv.at(0);
	imgv1 = imgv.at(1);
	imgv2 = imgv.at(2);
	imshow("HSV-H通道", imgv0);  //显示分离后H通道的像素值
	imshow("HSV-S通道", imgv1);  //显示分离后S通道的像素值
	imshow("HSV-V通道", imgv2);  //显示分离后V通道的像素值
	imgv.push_back(HSV);  //将vector中的图像通道数变成不统一
	merge(imgv, result2);  //合并图像
						   //imshow("result2", result2);  /imshow最多显示4个通道，因此结果在Image Watch中查看
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

3.2 图像像素操作处理

3.2.1 图像像素统计

1.寻找图像像素最大值与最小值

minMaxLoc()

数据类型 Point

CU::Mat::reshape()

代码清单3-9 寻找矩阵中的最值

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	system("color F0");  //更改输出界面颜色
	float a[12] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0 };
	Mat img = Mat(3, 4, CV_32FC1, a);  //单通道矩阵
	Mat imgs = Mat(2, 3, CV_32FC2, a);  //多通道矩阵
	double minVal, maxVal;  //用于存放矩阵中的最大值和最小值
	Point minIdx, maxIdx;  用于存放矩阵中的最大值和最小值在矩阵中的位置

	/*寻找单通道矩阵中的最值*/
	minMaxLoc(img, &minVal, &maxVal, &minIdx, &maxIdx);
	cout << "img中最大值是：" << maxVal << "  " << "在矩阵中的位置:" << maxIdx << endl;
	cout << "img中最小值是：" << minVal << "  " << "在矩阵中的位置:" << minIdx << endl;

	/*寻找多通道矩阵中的最值*/
	Mat imgs_re = imgs.reshape(1, 4);  //将多通道矩阵变成单通道矩阵
	minMaxLoc(imgs_re, &minVal, &maxVal, &minIdx, &maxIdx);
	cout << "imgs中最大值是：" << maxVal << "  " << "在矩阵中的位置:" << maxIdx << endl;
	cout << "imgs中最小值是：" << minVal << "  " << "在矩阵中的位置:" << minIdx << endl;
	return 0;
}

2.计算图像的平均值和标准差

meanStdDev() 函数用于同时计算平均值和标准差

mean() 计算平均值

cv::Scalar 类型

代码清单3-12 计算矩阵平均值和标准差

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	system("color F0");  //更改输出界面颜色
	float a[12] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0 };
	Mat img = Mat(3, 4, CV_32FC1, a);  //单通道矩阵
	Mat imgs = Mat(2, 3, CV_32FC2, a);  //多通道矩阵

	cout << "/* 用meanStdDev同时求取图像的均值和标准差 */" << endl;
	Scalar myMean;
	myMean = mean(imgs);
	cout << "imgs均值=" << myMean << endl;
	cout << "imgs第一个通道的均值=" << myMean[0] << "    "
		<< "imgs第二个通道的均值=" << myMean[1] << endl << endl;

	cout << "/* 用meanStdDev同时求取图像的均值和标准差 */" << endl;
	Mat myMeanMat, myStddevMat;

	meanStdDev(img, myMeanMat, myStddevMat);
	cout << "img均值=" << myMeanMat << "    " << endl;
	cout << "img标准差=" << myStddevMat << endl << endl;
	meanStdDev(imgs, myMeanMat, myStddevMat);
	cout << "imgs均值=" << myMeanMat << "    " << endl << endl;
	cout << "imgs标准差=" << myStddevMat << endl;
	return 0;
}

2.2.2 两图像间的像素操作

1.两幅图像的比较运算

max()

min()

代码清单3-14 两个矩阵或图像进行比较运算

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	float a[12] = { 1, 2, 3.3, 4, 5, 9, 5, 7, 8.2, 9, 10, 2 };
	float b[12] = { 1, 2.2, 3, 1, 3, 10, 6, 7, 8, 9.3, 10, 1 };
	Mat imga = Mat(3, 4, CV_32FC1, a);
	Mat imgb = Mat(3, 4, CV_32FC1, b);
	Mat imgas = Mat(2, 3, CV_32FC2, a);
	Mat imgbs = Mat(2, 3, CV_32FC2, b);

	//对两个单通道矩阵进行比较运算
	Mat myMax, myMin;
	max(imga, imgb, myMax);
	min(imga, imgb, myMin);

	//对两个多通道矩阵进行比较运算
	Mat myMaxs, myMins;
	max(imgas, imgbs, myMaxs);
	min(imgas, imgbs, myMins);

	//对两张彩色图像进行比较运算
	Mat img0 = imread("len.png");
	Mat img1 = imread("noobcv.jpg");

	if (img0.empty() || img1.empty())
	{
		cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	Mat comMin, comMax;
	max(img0, img1, comMax);
	min(img0, img1, comMin);
	imshow("comMin", comMin);
	imshow("comMax", comMax);

	//与掩模进行比较运算
	Mat src1 = Mat::zeros(Size(512, 512), CV_8UC3);
	Rect rect(100, 100, 300, 300);
	src1(rect) = Scalar(255, 255, 255);  //生成一个低通300*300的掩模
	Mat comsrc1, comsrc2;
	min(img0, src1, comsrc1);
	imshow("comsrc1", comsrc1);

	Mat src2 = Mat(512, 512, CV_8UC3, Scalar(0, 0, 255));  //生成一个显示红色通道的低通掩模
	min(img0, src2, comsrc2);
	imshow("comsrc2", comsrc2);

	//对两张灰度图像进行比较运算
	Mat img0G, img1G, comMinG, comMaxG;
	cvtColor(img0, img0G, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	cvtColor(img1, img1G, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	max(img0G, img1G, comMaxG);
	min(img0G, img1G, comMinG);
	imshow("comMinG", comMinG);
	imshow("comMaxG", comMaxG);
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

2.两幅图像的逻辑运算

biwise_and()

biwise_or()

biwise_xor()

biwise_not()

代码清单3-16 两个黑白图像像素逻辑运算

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	Mat img = imread("lena.png");
	if (img.empty())
	{
		cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	//创建两个黑白图像
	Mat img0 = Mat::zeros(200, 200, CV_8UC1);
	Mat img1 = Mat::zeros(200, 200, CV_8UC1);
	Rect rect0(50, 50, 100, 100);
	img0(rect0) = Scalar(255);
	Rect rect1(100, 100, 100, 100);
	img1(rect1) = Scalar(255);
	imshow("img0", img0);
	imshow("img1", img1);

	//进行逻辑运算
	Mat myAnd, myOr, myXor, myNot, imgNot;
	bitwise_not(img0, myNot);
	bitwise_and(img0, img1, myAnd);
	bitwise_or(img0, img1, myOr);
	bitwise_xor(img0, img1, myXor);
	bitwise_not(img, imgNot);
	imshow("myAnd", myAnd);
	imshow("myOr", myOr);
	imshow("myXor", myXor);
	imshow("myNot", myNot);
	imshow("img", img);
	imshow("imgNot", imgNot);
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

3.2.3 图像二值化

threshold()

adaptiveThreshold()

代码清单3-19 图像二值化

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	Mat img = imread("lena.png");
	if (img.empty())
	{
		cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	Mat gray;
	cvtColor(img, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	Mat img_B, img_B_V, gray_B, gray_B_V, gray_T, gray_T_V, gray_TRUNC;

	//彩色图像二值化
	threshold(img, img_B, 125, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
	threshold(img, img_B_V, 125, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV);
	imshow("img_B", img_B);
	imshow("img_B_V", img_B_V);

	//灰度图BINARY二值化
	threshold(gray, gray_B, 125, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
	threshold(gray, gray_B_V, 125, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV);
	imshow("gray_B", gray_B);
	imshow("gray_B_V", gray_B_V);

	//灰度图像TOZERO变换
	threshold(gray, gray_T, 125, 255, THRESH_TOZERO);
	threshold(gray, gray_T_V, 125, 255, THRESH_TOZERO_INV);
	imshow("gray_T", gray_T);
	imshow("gray_T_V", gray_T_V);

	//灰度图像TRUNC变换
	threshold(gray, gray_TRUNC, 125, 255, THRESH_TRUNC);
	imshow("gray_TRUNC", gray_TRUNC);

	//灰度图像大津法和三角形法二值化
	Mat img_Thr = imread("threshold.png", IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);
	Mat img_Thr_O, img_Thr_T;
	threshold(img_Thr, img_Thr_O, 100, 255, THRESH_BINARY | THRESH_OTSU);
	threshold(img_Thr, img_Thr_T, 125, 255, THRESH_BINARY | THRESH_TRIANGLE);
	imshow("img_Thr", img_Thr);
	imshow("img_Thr_O", img_Thr_O);
	imshow("img_Thr_T", img_Thr_T);

	//灰度图像自适应二值化
	Mat adaptive_mean, adaptive_gauss;
	adaptiveThreshold(img_Thr, adaptive_mean, 255, ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C, THRESH_BINARY, 55, 0);
	adaptiveThreshold(img_Thr, adaptive_gauss, 255, ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C, THRESH_BINARY, 55, 0);

	imshow("adaptive_mean", adaptive_mean);
	imshow("adaptive_gauss", adaptive_gauss);
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

3.2.4 LUT

LUT()

代码清单3-21 对图像进行查找表映射

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	//LUT查找表第一层
	uchar lutFirst[256];
	for (int i = 0; i<256; i++)
	{
		if (i <= 100)
			lutFirst[i] = 0;
		if (i > 100 && i <= 200)
			lutFirst[i] = 100;
		if (i > 200)
			lutFirst[i] = 255;
	}
	Mat lutOne(1, 256, CV_8UC1, lutFirst);

	//LUT查找表第二层
	uchar lutSecond[256];
	for (int i = 0; i<256; i++)
	{
		if (i <= 100)
			lutSecond[i] = 0;
		if (i > 100 && i <= 150)
			lutSecond[i] = 100;
		if (i > 150 && i <= 200)
			lutSecond[i] = 150;
		if (i > 200)
			lutSecond[i] = 255;
	}
	Mat lutTwo(1, 256, CV_8UC1, lutSecond);

	//LUT查找表第三层
	uchar lutThird[256];
	for (int i = 0; i<256; i++)
	{
		if (i <= 100)
			lutThird[i] = 100;
		if (i > 100 && i <= 200)
			lutThird[i] = 200;
		if (i > 200)
			lutThird[i] = 255;
	}
	Mat lutThree(1, 256, CV_8UC1, lutThird);

	//拥有三通道的LUT查找表矩阵
	vector<Mat> mergeMats;
	mergeMats.push_back(lutOne);
	mergeMats.push_back(lutTwo);
	mergeMats.push_back(lutThree);
	Mat LutTree;
	merge(mergeMats, LutTree);

	//计算图像的查找表
	Mat img = imread("lena.png");
	if (img.empty())
	{
		cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	Mat gray, out0, out1, out2;
	cvtColor(img, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	LUT(gray, lutOne, out0);
	LUT(img, lutOne, out1);
	LUT(img, LutTree, out2);
	imshow("out0", out0);
	imshow("out1", out1);
	imshow("out2", out2);
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

3.3 图像变换

3.3.1 图像连接

vconcat()

hconcat()

代码清单3-26 图像拼接

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	//矩阵数组的横竖连接
	Mat matArray[] = { Mat(1, 2, CV_32FC1, cv::Scalar(1)),
		Mat(1, 2, CV_32FC1, cv::Scalar(2)) };
	Mat vout, hout;
	vconcat(matArray, 2, vout);
	cout << "图像数组竖向连接：" << endl << vout << endl;
	hconcat(matArray, 2, hout);
	cout << "图像数组横向连接：" << endl << hout << endl;

	//矩阵的横竖拼接
	Mat A = (cv::Mat_<float>(2, 2) << 1, 7, 2, 8);
	Mat B = (cv::Mat_<float>(2, 2) << 4, 10, 5, 11);
	Mat vC, hC;
	vconcat(A, B, vC);
	cout << "多个图像竖向连接：" << endl << vC << endl;
	hconcat(A, B, hC);
	cout << "多个图像横向连接：" << endl << hC << endl;

	//读取4个子图像，00表示左上角、01表示右上角、10表示左下角、11表示右下角
	Mat img00 = imread("lena00.png");
	Mat img01 = imread("lena01.png");
	Mat img10 = imread("lena10.png");
	Mat img11 = imread("lena11.png");
	if (img00.empty() || img01.empty() || img10.empty() || img11.empty())
	{
		cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	//显示4个子图像
	imshow("img00", img00);
	imshow("img01", img01);
	imshow("img10", img10);
	imshow("img11", img11);

	//图像连接
	Mat img, img0, img1;
	//图像横向连接
	hconcat(img00, img01, img0);
	hconcat(img10, img11, img1);
	//横向连接结果再进行竖向连接
	vconcat(img0, img1, img);

	//显示连接图像的结果
	imshow("img0", img0);
	imshow("img1", img1);
	imshow("img", img);
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

3.3.2 图像尺寸变换

resize()

代码清单3-28 图像缩放

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	Mat gray = imread("lena.png", IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);
	if (gray.empty())
	{
		cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	Mat smallImg, bigImg0, bigImg1, bigImg2;
	resize(gray, smallImg, Size(15, 15), 0, 0, INTER_AREA);  //先将图像缩小
	resize(smallImg, bigImg0, Size(30, 30), 0, 0, INTER_NEAREST);  //最近邻差值
	resize(smallImg, bigImg1, Size(30, 30), 0, 0, INTER_LINEAR);  //双线性差值
	resize(smallImg, bigImg2, Size(30, 30), 0, 0, INTER_CUBIC);  //双三次差值
	namedWindow("smallImg", WINDOW_NORMAL);  //图像尺寸太小，一定要设置可以调节窗口大小标志
	imshow("smallImg", smallImg);
	namedWindow("bigImg0", WINDOW_NORMAL);
	imshow("bigImg0", bigImg0);
	namedWindow("bigImg1", WINDOW_NORMAL);
	imshow("bigImg1", bigImg1);
	namedWindow("bigImg2", WINDOW_NORMAL);
	imshow("bigImg2", bigImg2);
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

3.3.3 图像翻转变换

flip()

代码清单3-29 图像翻转

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	Mat img = imread("lena.png");
	if (img.empty())
	{
		cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	Mat img_x, img_y, img_xy;
	flip(img, img_x, 0);  //沿x轴对称
	flip(img, img_y, 1);  //沿y轴对称
	flip(img, img_xy, -1);  //先x轴对称，再y轴对称
	imshow("img", img);
	imshow("img_x", img_x);
	imshow("img_y", img_y);
	imshow("img_xy", img_xy);
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

3.3.4 图像放射变换

getRotationMatrix2D()

warpAffine()

getAffineTransform()

代码清单3-34 图像旋转与放射变换

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	Mat img = imread("lena.png");
	if (img.empty())
	{
		cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	Mat rotation0, rotation1, img_warp0, img_warp1;
	double angle = 30;  //设置图像旋转的角度
	Size dst_size(img.rows, img.cols);  //设置输出图像的尺寸
	Point2f center(img.rows / 2.0, img.cols / 2.0);  //设置图像的旋转中心
	rotation0 = getRotationMatrix2D(center, angle, 1);  //计算放射变换矩阵
	warpAffine(img, img_warp0, rotation0, dst_size);  //进行仿射变换
	imshow("img_warp0", img_warp0);
	//根据定义的三个点进行仿射变换
	Point2f src_points[3];
	Point2f dst_points[3];
	src_points[0] = Point2f(0, 0);  //原始图像中的三个点
	src_points[1] = Point2f(0, (float)(img.cols - 1));
	src_points[2] = Point2f((float)(img.rows - 1), (float)(img.cols - 1));
	dst_points[0] = Point2f((float)(img.rows)*0.11, (float)(img.cols)*0.20);  //放射变换后图像中的三个点
	dst_points[1] = Point2f((float)(img.rows)*0.15, (float)(img.cols)*0.70);
	dst_points[2] = Point2f((float)(img.rows)*0.81, (float)(img.cols)*0.85);
	rotation1 = getAffineTransform(src_points, dst_points);  //根据对应点求取仿射变换矩阵
	warpAffine(img, img_warp1, rotation1, dst_size);  //进行仿射变换
	imshow("img_warp1", img_warp1);
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

3.3.5 图像透视变换

getPerspectiveTransform()

warpPerspective()

代码清单3-37 二维码图像透视变换

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	Mat img = imread("noobcvqr.png");
	if (img.empty())
	{
		cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	Point2f src_points[4];
	Point2f dst_points[4];
	//通过Image Watch查看的二维码四个角点坐标
	src_points[0] = Point2f(94.0, 374.0);
	src_points[1] = Point2f(507.0, 380.0);
	src_points[2] = Point2f(1.0, 623.0);
	src_points[3] = Point2f(627.0, 627.0);
	//期望透视变换后二维码四个角点的坐标
	dst_points[0] = Point2f(0.0, 0.0);
	dst_points[1] = Point2f(627.0, 0.0);
	dst_points[2] = Point2f(0.0, 627.0);
	dst_points[3] = Point2f(627.0, 627.0);
	Mat rotation, img_warp;
	rotation = getPerspectiveTransform(src_points, dst_points);  //计