第二章 数据载入、显示与保存
2.1 图像存储容器
2.1.1 Mat类介绍
Mat分为矩阵头和指向存储数据的矩阵指针两部分。
代码清单2-1 创建Mat类
cv::Mat a; //创建一个名为a的矩阵头
a = cv::imread("test.jpd"); //向a中赋值图像数据,矩阵指针指向像素数据
cv::Mat b = a; //复制矩阵头,并命名为b
代码清单2-2 声明一个指定类型的Mat类
cv::Mat A = Mat_<double>(3,3); //创建一个3*3的矩阵用于存放double类型数据
代码清单2-3 通过OpenCV数据类型创建Mat类
cv::Mat a(640,480,CV_8UC3); //创建一个640*480的3通道矩阵用于存放彩色图像
cv::Mat a(3,3,CV_8UC1); //创建一个3*3的8位无符号整数的单通道矩阵
cv::Mat a(3,3,CV_8U); //创建单通道矩阵,c1标识可以省略
2.1.2 Mat类构造与赋值
1.Mat类的构造
代码清单2-4 默认构造函数使用方式
cv::Mat::Mat();
代码清单2-5 利用矩阵尺寸和类型参数构造Mat类
cv::Mat::Mat(int rows,
int cols,
int type
)
- rows:构造矩阵的行数
- cols:矩阵的列数
- type:矩阵中存储的数据类型
代码清单2-6 用Size()结构构造Mat
cv::Mat(Size size(),
int type
)
- size:二维数组变量尺寸,通过Size(cols,rows)进行赋值
- type:与代码清单2-5中的参数一致
代码清单2-7 用Size()结构构造Mat示例
cv::Mat a(Size(480,640),CV_8UC1); //构造一个行为640、列为480的单通道矩阵
cv::Mat b(Size(480,640),CV_32FC3); //构造一个行为640、列为480的3通道矩阵
代码清单2-8 利用已有矩阵构造Mat类
cv::Mat::Mat(const Mat & m);
- m:是已经构建完成的Mat类矩阵数据
提示:如果希望复制两个一模一样的Mat类而彼此之间不会受影响,那么可以使用m=a.clone()实现
代码清单2-9 构造已有Mat类的子类
cv::Mat::Mat(const Mat & m,
const Range & rowRange,
const Range & rowRange = Rang::all()
)
- m:是已经构建完成的Mat类矩阵数据
- rowRange:在已有矩阵中需要截取的行数范围,是一个Rang变量,例如从第2行到第5行可以表示位Rang(2,5)
- rowRange:在已有矩阵中需要截取的列数范围,是一个Rang变量,例如从第2列到第5列可以表示位Rang(2,5),默认所有列都会截取。
代码清单2-10 在原Mat中截取子Mat类
cv::Mat b(a, Rang(2,5), Rang(2,5)); //从a中截取部分数据构造b
cv::Mat c(a, Rang(2,5)); //默认最后一个参数构成c
2.2 图像的读取与显示
2.2.1 图像读取函数 imread
imread()
empty()
2.2.2 图像窗口函数 namedWindow
namedWindow()
2.2.3 图像显示函数 imshow
imshow()
cv::waitKey()
2.3 视频加载与摄像头调用
2.3.1 视频数据的读取
VideoCapture类构造函数
isOpened()
“>>”
empty()
get()
代码清单2-28 读取视频文件
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
system("color F0"); //更改输出界面颜色
VideoCapture video("cup.mp4");
if (video.isOpened())
{
cout << "视频中图像的宽度=" << video.get(CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH) << endl;
cout << "视频中图像的高度=" << video.get(CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT) << endl;
cout << "视频帧率=" << video.get(CAP_PROP_FPS) << endl;
cout << "视频的总帧数=" << video.get(CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT);
}
else
{
cout << "请确认视频文件名称是否正确" << endl;
return -1;
}
while (1)
{
Mat frame;
video >> frame;
if (frame.empty())
{
break;
}
imshow("video", frame);
waitKey(1000 / video.get(CAP_PROP_FPS));
}
waitKey();
return 0;
}
2.3.2 摄像头的直接调用
VideoCapture类还可以调用摄像头
2.4 数据保存
2.4.1 图像的保存
imwrite()
代码清单2-32 保存图像
#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
void AlphaMat(Mat &mat)
{
CV_Assert(mat.channels() == 4);
for (int i = 0; i < mat.rows; ++i)
{
for (int j = 0; j < mat.cols; ++j)
{
Vec4b& bgra = mat.at<Vec4b>(i, j);
bgra[0] = UCHAR_MAX; // 蓝色通道
bgra[1] = saturate_cast<uchar>((float(mat.cols - j)) / ((float)mat.cols) * UCHAR_MAX); // 绿色通道
bgra[2] = saturate_cast<uchar>((float(mat.rows - i)) / ((float)mat.rows) * UCHAR_MAX); // 红色通道
bgra[3] = saturate_cast<uchar>(0.5 * (bgra[1] + bgra[2])); // Alpha通道
}
}
}
int main(int agrc, char** agrv)
{
// Create mat with alpha channel
Mat mat(480, 640, CV_8UC4);
AlphaMat(mat);
vector<int> compression_params;
compression_params.push_back(IMWRITE_PNG_COMPRESSION); //PNG格式图像压缩标志
compression_params.push_back(9); //设置最高压缩质量
bool result = imwrite("alpha.png", mat, compression_params);
if (!result)
{
cout << "保存成PNG格式图像失败" << endl;
return -1;
}
cout << "保存成功" << endl;
return 0;
}
2.4.2 视频的保存
VideoWriter类构造函数
isOpened()
get()
“<<” 或者 write()
release()
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
Mat img;
VideoCapture video(0); //使用某个摄像头
//读取视频
//VideoCapture video;
//video.open("cup.mp4");
if (!video.isOpened()) // 判断是否调用成功
{
cout << "打开摄像头失败,请确实摄像头是否安装成功";
return -1;
}
video >> img; //获取图像
//检测是否成功获取图像
if (img.empty()) //判断有没有读取图像成功
{
cout << "没有获取到图像" << endl;
return -1;
}
bool isColor = (img.type() == CV_8UC3); //判断相机(视频)类型是否为彩色
VideoWriter writer;
int codec = VideoWriter::fourcc('M', 'J', 'P', 'G'); // 选择编码格式
//OpenCV 4.0版本设置编码格式
//int codec = CV_FOURCC('M', 'J', 'P', 'G');
double fps = 25.0; //设置视频帧率
string filename = "live.avi"; //保存的视频文件名称
writer.open(filename, codec, fps, img.size(), isColor); //创建保存视频文件的视频流
if (!writer.isOpened()) //判断视频流是否创建成功
{
cout << "打开视频文件失败,请确实是否为合法输入" << endl;
return -1;
}
while (1)
{
//检测是否执行完毕
if (!video.read(img)) //判断能都继续从摄像头或者视频文件中读出一帧图像
{
cout << "摄像头断开连接或者视频读取完成" << endl;
break;
}
writer.write(img); //把图像写入视频流
//writer << img;
imshow("Live", img); //显示图像
char c = waitKey(50);
if (c == 27) //按ESC案件退出视频保存
{
break;
}
}
// 退出程序时刻自动关闭视频流
//video.release();
//writer.release();
return 0;
}
2.4.3 保存和读取XML和YMAL文件
FileStorage类构造函数
isOpened()
open()
“<<” 、 “>>”
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
system("color F0"); //修改运行程序背景和文字颜色
//string fileName = "datas.xml"; //文件的名称
string fileName = "datas.yaml"; //文件的名称
//以写入的模式打开文件
cv::FileStorage fwrite(fileName, cv::FileStorage::WRITE);
//存入矩阵Mat类型的数据
Mat mat = Mat::eye(3, 3, CV_8U);
fwrite.write("mat", mat); //使用write()函数写入数据
//存入浮点型数据,节点名称为x
float x = 100;
fwrite << "x" << x;
//存入字符串型数据,节点名称为str
String str = "Learn OpenCV 4";
fwrite << "str" << str;
//存入数组,节点名称为number_array
fwrite << "number_array" << "[" <<4<<5<<6<< "]";
//存入多node节点数据,主名称为multi_nodes
fwrite << "multi_nodes" << "{" << "month" << 8 << "day" << 28 << "year"
<< 2019 << "time" << "[" << 0 << 1 << 2 << 3 << "]" << "}";
//关闭文件
fwrite.release();
//以读取的模式打开文件
cv::FileStorage fread(fileName, cv::FileStorage::READ);
//判断是否成功打开文件
if (!fread.isOpened())
{
cout << "打开文件失败,请确认文件名称是否正确!" << endl;
return -1;
}
//读取文件中的数据
float xRead;
fread["x"] >> xRead; //读取浮点型数据
cout << "x=" << xRead << endl;
//读取字符串数据
string strRead;
fread["str"] >> strRead;
cout << "str=" << strRead << endl;
//读取含多个数据的number_array节点
FileNode fileNode = fread["number_array"];
cout << "number_array=[";
//循环遍历每个数据
for (FileNodeIterator i = fileNode.begin(); i != fileNode.end(); i++)
{
float a;
*i >> a;
cout << a<<" ";
}
cout << "]" << endl;
//读取Mat类型数据
Mat matRead;
fread["mat="] >> matRead;
cout << "mat=" << mat << endl;
//读取含有多个子节点的节点数据,不使用FileNode和迭代器进行读取
FileNode fileNode1 = fread["multi_nodes"];
int month = (int)fileNode1["month"];
int day = (int)fileNode1["day"];
int year = (int)fileNode1["year"];
cout << "multi_nodes:" << endl
<< " month=" << month << " day=" << day << " year=" << year;
cout << " time=[";
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
int a = (int)fileNode1["time"][i];
cout << a << " ";
}
cout << "]" << endl;
//关闭文件
fread.release();
return 0;
}
第三章 图像基本操作
3.1 图像颜色空间
3.1.1 颜色模型与转换
- RGB颜色模型
- YUV颜色模型
- HSV颜色模型
- Lab颜色模型
- GRAY颜色模型
6.不同颜色模型间的互想转换
cvtColor()函数用于将图像从一个颜色模型转换为另一个颜色模型
void cv::cvtColor(InputArray src,
OutputArray dst,
int code,
int dstCn = 0
)
- src:待转换颜色模型原始图像
- dst:转换颜色模型后的目标图像
- code:颜色空间转换的标志,如由RGB空间到HSV空间
- dstCn:目标图像中的通道数
代码清单3-2 图像颜色模型相互转换
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
Mat img = imread("E:/BaiduNetdiskDownload/data/lena.png");
if (img.empty())
{
cout << "请确认图像文件名称师范正确" << endl;
return -1;
}
Mat gray, HSV, YUV, Lab, img32;
img.convertTo(img32, CV_32F, 1.0 / 255); //将CV_8U类型转换成CV_32F类型
//img32.convertTo(img,CV_8U,255); //将CV_32F类型转换成CV_8U类型
cvtColor(img32, HSV, COLOR_BGR2HSV);
cvtColor(img32, YUV, COLOR_BGR2YUV);
cvtColor(img32, Lab, COLOR_BGR2Lab);
cvtColor(img32, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
imshow("原图", img32);
imshow("HSV", HSV);
imshow("YUV", YUV);
imshow("Lab", Lab);
imshow("gray", gray);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
convertTo()
3.1.2 多通道分离与合并
split()
merge()
代码清单3-6 实现图像分离与合并
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
Mat img = imread("lena.png");
if (img.empty())
{
cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
return -1;
}
Mat HSV;
cvtColor(img, HSV, COLOR_RGB2HSV);
Mat imgs0, imgs1, imgs2; //用于存放数组类型的结果
Mat imgv0, imgv1, imgv2; //用于存放vector类型的结果
Mat result0, result1, result2; //多通道合并的结果
//输入数组参数的多通道分离与合并
Mat imgs[3];
split(img, imgs);
imgs0 = imgs[0];
imgs1 = imgs[1];
imgs2 = imgs[2];
imshow("RGB-B通道", imgs0); //显示分离后B通道的像素值
imshow("RGB-G通道", imgs1); //显示分离后G通道的像素值
imshow("RGB-R通道", imgs2); //显示分离后R通道的像素值
imgs[2] = img; //将数组中的图像通道数变成不统一
merge(imgs, 3, result0); //合并图像
//imshow("result0", result0); //imshow最多显示4个通道,因此结果在Image Watch中查看
Mat zero = cv::Mat::zeros(img.rows, img.cols, CV_8UC1);
imgs[0] = zero;
imgs[2] = zero;
merge(imgs, 3, result1); //用于还原G通道的真实情况,合并结果为绿色
imshow("result1", result1); //显示合并结果
//输入vector参数的多通道分离与合并
vector<Mat> imgv;
split(HSV, imgv);
imgv0 = imgv.at(0);
imgv1 = imgv.at(1);
imgv2 = imgv.at(2);
imshow("HSV-H通道", imgv0); //显示分离后H通道的像素值
imshow("HSV-S通道", imgv1); //显示分离后S通道的像素值
imshow("HSV-V通道", imgv2); //显示分离后V通道的像素值
imgv.push_back(HSV); //将vector中的图像通道数变成不统一
merge(imgv, result2); //合并图像
//imshow("result2", result2); /imshow最多显示4个通道,因此结果在Image Watch中查看
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
3.2 图像像素操作处理
3.2.1 图像像素统计
1.寻找图像像素最大值与最小值
minMaxLoc()
数据类型 Point
CU::Mat::reshape()
代码清单3-9 寻找矩阵中的最值
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
system("color F0"); //更改输出界面颜色
float a[12] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0 };
Mat img = Mat(3, 4, CV_32FC1, a); //单通道矩阵
Mat imgs = Mat(2, 3, CV_32FC2, a); //多通道矩阵
double minVal, maxVal; //用于存放矩阵中的最大值和最小值
Point minIdx, maxIdx; 用于存放矩阵中的最大值和最小值在矩阵中的位置
/*寻找单通道矩阵中的最值*/
minMaxLoc(img, &minVal, &maxVal, &minIdx, &maxIdx);
cout << "img中最大值是:" << maxVal << " " << "在矩阵中的位置:" << maxIdx << endl;
cout << "img中最小值是:" << minVal << " " << "在矩阵中的位置:" << minIdx << endl;
/*寻找多通道矩阵中的最值*/
Mat imgs_re = imgs.reshape(1, 4); //将多通道矩阵变成单通道矩阵
minMaxLoc(imgs_re, &minVal, &maxVal, &minIdx, &maxIdx);
cout << "imgs中最大值是:" << maxVal << " " << "在矩阵中的位置:" << maxIdx << endl;
cout << "imgs中最小值是:" << minVal << " " << "在矩阵中的位置:" << minIdx << endl;
return 0;
}
2.计算图像的平均值和标准差
meanStdDev() 函数用于同时计算平均值和标准差
mean() 计算平均值
cv::Scalar 类型
代码清单3-12 计算矩阵平均值和标准差
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
system("color F0"); //更改输出界面颜色
float a[12] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 0 };
Mat img = Mat(3, 4, CV_32FC1, a); //单通道矩阵
Mat imgs = Mat(2, 3, CV_32FC2, a); //多通道矩阵
cout << "/* 用meanStdDev同时求取图像的均值和标准差 */" << endl;
Scalar myMean;
myMean = mean(imgs);
cout << "imgs均值=" << myMean << endl;
cout << "imgs第一个通道的均值=" << myMean[0] << " "
<< "imgs第二个通道的均值=" << myMean[1] << endl << endl;
cout << "/* 用meanStdDev同时求取图像的均值和标准差 */" << endl;
Mat myMeanMat, myStddevMat;
meanStdDev(img, myMeanMat, myStddevMat);
cout << "img均值=" << myMeanMat << " " << endl;
cout << "img标准差=" << myStddevMat << endl << endl;
meanStdDev(imgs, myMeanMat, myStddevMat);
cout << "imgs均值=" << myMeanMat << " " << endl << endl;
cout << "imgs标准差=" << myStddevMat << endl;
return 0;
}
2.2.2 两图像间的像素操作
1.两幅图像的比较运算
max()
min()
代码清单3-14 两个矩阵或图像进行比较运算
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
float a[12] = { 1, 2, 3.3, 4, 5, 9, 5, 7, 8.2, 9, 10, 2 };
float b[12] = { 1, 2.2, 3, 1, 3, 10, 6, 7, 8, 9.3, 10, 1 };
Mat imga = Mat(3, 4, CV_32FC1, a);
Mat imgb = Mat(3, 4, CV_32FC1, b);
Mat imgas = Mat(2, 3, CV_32FC2, a);
Mat imgbs = Mat(2, 3, CV_32FC2, b);
//对两个单通道矩阵进行比较运算
Mat myMax, myMin;
max(imga, imgb, myMax);
min(imga, imgb, myMin);
//对两个多通道矩阵进行比较运算
Mat myMaxs, myMins;
max(imgas, imgbs, myMaxs);
min(imgas, imgbs, myMins);
//对两张彩色图像进行比较运算
Mat img0 = imread("len.png");
Mat img1 = imread("noobcv.jpg");
if (img0.empty() || img1.empty())
{
cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
return -1;
}
Mat comMin, comMax;
max(img0, img1, comMax);
min(img0, img1, comMin);
imshow("comMin", comMin);
imshow("comMax", comMax);
//与掩模进行比较运算
Mat src1 = Mat::zeros(Size(512, 512), CV_8UC3);
Rect rect(100, 100, 300, 300);
src1(rect) = Scalar(255, 255, 255); //生成一个低通300*300的掩模
Mat comsrc1, comsrc2;
min(img0, src1, comsrc1);
imshow("comsrc1", comsrc1);
Mat src2 = Mat(512, 512, CV_8UC3, Scalar(0, 0, 255)); //生成一个显示红色通道的低通掩模
min(img0, src2, comsrc2);
imshow("comsrc2", comsrc2);
//对两张灰度图像进行比较运算
Mat img0G, img1G, comMinG, comMaxG;
cvtColor(img0, img0G, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
cvtColor(img1, img1G, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
max(img0G, img1G, comMaxG);
min(img0G, img1G, comMinG);
imshow("comMinG", comMinG);
imshow("comMaxG", comMaxG);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
2.两幅图像的逻辑运算
biwise_and()
biwise_or()
biwise_xor()
biwise_not()
代码清单3-16 两个黑白图像像素逻辑运算
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
Mat img = imread("lena.png");
if (img.empty())
{
cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
return -1;
}
//创建两个黑白图像
Mat img0 = Mat::zeros(200, 200, CV_8UC1);
Mat img1 = Mat::zeros(200, 200, CV_8UC1);
Rect rect0(50, 50, 100, 100);
img0(rect0) = Scalar(255);
Rect rect1(100, 100, 100, 100);
img1(rect1) = Scalar(255);
imshow("img0", img0);
imshow("img1", img1);
//进行逻辑运算
Mat myAnd, myOr, myXor, myNot, imgNot;
bitwise_not(img0, myNot);
bitwise_and(img0, img1, myAnd);
bitwise_or(img0, img1, myOr);
bitwise_xor(img0, img1, myXor);
bitwise_not(img, imgNot);
imshow("myAnd", myAnd);
imshow("myOr", myOr);
imshow("myXor", myXor);
imshow("myNot", myNot);
imshow("img", img);
imshow("imgNot", imgNot);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
3.2.3 图像二值化
threshold()
adaptiveThreshold()
代码清单3-19 图像二值化
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
Mat img = imread("lena.png");
if (img.empty())
{
cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
return -1;
}
Mat gray;
cvtColor(img, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
Mat img_B, img_B_V, gray_B, gray_B_V, gray_T, gray_T_V, gray_TRUNC;
//彩色图像二值化
threshold(img, img_B, 125, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
threshold(img, img_B_V, 125, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV);
imshow("img_B", img_B);
imshow("img_B_V", img_B_V);
//灰度图BINARY二值化
threshold(gray, gray_B, 125, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
threshold(gray, gray_B_V, 125, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV);
imshow("gray_B", gray_B);
imshow("gray_B_V", gray_B_V);
//灰度图像TOZERO变换
threshold(gray, gray_T, 125, 255, THRESH_TOZERO);
threshold(gray, gray_T_V, 125, 255, THRESH_TOZERO_INV);
imshow("gray_T", gray_T);
imshow("gray_T_V", gray_T_V);
//灰度图像TRUNC变换
threshold(gray, gray_TRUNC, 125, 255, THRESH_TRUNC);
imshow("gray_TRUNC", gray_TRUNC);
//灰度图像大津法和三角形法二值化
Mat img_Thr = imread("threshold.png", IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);
Mat img_Thr_O, img_Thr_T;
threshold(img_Thr, img_Thr_O, 100, 255, THRESH_BINARY | THRESH_OTSU);
threshold(img_Thr, img_Thr_T, 125, 255, THRESH_BINARY | THRESH_TRIANGLE);
imshow("img_Thr", img_Thr);
imshow("img_Thr_O", img_Thr_O);
imshow("img_Thr_T", img_Thr_T);
//灰度图像自适应二值化
Mat adaptive_mean, adaptive_gauss;
adaptiveThreshold(img_Thr, adaptive_mean, 255, ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C, THRESH_BINARY, 55, 0);
adaptiveThreshold(img_Thr, adaptive_gauss, 255, ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C, THRESH_BINARY, 55, 0);
imshow("adaptive_mean", adaptive_mean);
imshow("adaptive_gauss", adaptive_gauss);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
3.2.4 LUT
LUT()
代码清单3-21 对图像进行查找表映射
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
//LUT查找表第一层
uchar lutFirst[256];
for (int i = 0; i<256; i++)
{
if (i <= 100)
lutFirst[i] = 0;
if (i > 100 && i <= 200)
lutFirst[i] = 100;
if (i > 200)
lutFirst[i] = 255;
}
Mat lutOne(1, 256, CV_8UC1, lutFirst);
//LUT查找表第二层
uchar lutSecond[256];
for (int i = 0; i<256; i++)
{
if (i <= 100)
lutSecond[i] = 0;
if (i > 100 && i <= 150)
lutSecond[i] = 100;
if (i > 150 && i <= 200)
lutSecond[i] = 150;
if (i > 200)
lutSecond[i] = 255;
}
Mat lutTwo(1, 256, CV_8UC1, lutSecond);
//LUT查找表第三层
uchar lutThird[256];
for (int i = 0; i<256; i++)
{
if (i <= 100)
lutThird[i] = 100;
if (i > 100 && i <= 200)
lutThird[i] = 200;
if (i > 200)
lutThird[i] = 255;
}
Mat lutThree(1, 256, CV_8UC1, lutThird);
//拥有三通道的LUT查找表矩阵
vector<Mat> mergeMats;
mergeMats.push_back(lutOne);
mergeMats.push_back(lutTwo);
mergeMats.push_back(lutThree);
Mat LutTree;
merge(mergeMats, LutTree);
//计算图像的查找表
Mat img = imread("lena.png");
if (img.empty())
{
cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
return -1;
}
Mat gray, out0, out1, out2;
cvtColor(img, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
LUT(gray, lutOne, out0);
LUT(img, lutOne, out1);
LUT(img, LutTree, out2);
imshow("out0", out0);
imshow("out1", out1);
imshow("out2", out2);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
3.3 图像变换
3.3.1 图像连接
vconcat()
hconcat()
代码清单3-26 图像拼接
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
//矩阵数组的横竖连接
Mat matArray[] = { Mat(1, 2, CV_32FC1, cv::Scalar(1)),
Mat(1, 2, CV_32FC1, cv::Scalar(2)) };
Mat vout, hout;
vconcat(matArray, 2, vout);
cout << "图像数组竖向连接:" << endl << vout << endl;
hconcat(matArray, 2, hout);
cout << "图像数组横向连接:" << endl << hout << endl;
//矩阵的横竖拼接
Mat A = (cv::Mat_<float>(2, 2) << 1, 7, 2, 8);
Mat B = (cv::Mat_<float>(2, 2) << 4, 10, 5, 11);
Mat vC, hC;
vconcat(A, B, vC);
cout << "多个图像竖向连接:" << endl << vC << endl;
hconcat(A, B, hC);
cout << "多个图像横向连接:" << endl << hC << endl;
//读取4个子图像,00表示左上角、01表示右上角、10表示左下角、11表示右下角
Mat img00 = imread("lena00.png");
Mat img01 = imread("lena01.png");
Mat img10 = imread("lena10.png");
Mat img11 = imread("lena11.png");
if (img00.empty() || img01.empty() || img10.empty() || img11.empty())
{
cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
return -1;
}
//显示4个子图像
imshow("img00", img00);
imshow("img01", img01);
imshow("img10", img10);
imshow("img11", img11);
//图像连接
Mat img, img0, img1;
//图像横向连接
hconcat(img00, img01, img0);
hconcat(img10, img11, img1);
//横向连接结果再进行竖向连接
vconcat(img0, img1, img);
//显示连接图像的结果
imshow("img0", img0);
imshow("img1", img1);
imshow("img", img);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
3.3.2 图像尺寸变换
resize()
代码清单3-28 图像缩放
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
Mat gray = imread("lena.png", IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);
if (gray.empty())
{
cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
return -1;
}
Mat smallImg, bigImg0, bigImg1, bigImg2;
resize(gray, smallImg, Size(15, 15), 0, 0, INTER_AREA); //先将图像缩小
resize(smallImg, bigImg0, Size(30, 30), 0, 0, INTER_NEAREST); //最近邻差值
resize(smallImg, bigImg1, Size(30, 30), 0, 0, INTER_LINEAR); //双线性差值
resize(smallImg, bigImg2, Size(30, 30), 0, 0, INTER_CUBIC); //双三次差值
namedWindow("smallImg", WINDOW_NORMAL); //图像尺寸太小,一定要设置可以调节窗口大小标志
imshow("smallImg", smallImg);
namedWindow("bigImg0", WINDOW_NORMAL);
imshow("bigImg0", bigImg0);
namedWindow("bigImg1", WINDOW_NORMAL);
imshow("bigImg1", bigImg1);
namedWindow("bigImg2", WINDOW_NORMAL);
imshow("bigImg2", bigImg2);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
3.3.3 图像翻转变换
flip()
代码清单3-29 图像翻转
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
Mat img = imread("lena.png");
if (img.empty())
{
cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
return -1;
}
Mat img_x, img_y, img_xy;
flip(img, img_x, 0); //沿x轴对称
flip(img, img_y, 1); //沿y轴对称
flip(img, img_xy, -1); //先x轴对称,再y轴对称
imshow("img", img);
imshow("img_x", img_x);
imshow("img_y", img_y);
imshow("img_xy", img_xy);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
3.3.4 图像放射变换
getRotationMatrix2D()
warpAffine()
getAffineTransform()
代码清单3-34 图像旋转与放射变换
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
Mat img = imread("lena.png");
if (img.empty())
{
cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
return -1;
}
Mat rotation0, rotation1, img_warp0, img_warp1;
double angle = 30; //设置图像旋转的角度
Size dst_size(img.rows, img.cols); //设置输出图像的尺寸
Point2f center(img.rows / 2.0, img.cols / 2.0); //设置图像的旋转中心
rotation0 = getRotationMatrix2D(center, angle, 1); //计算放射变换矩阵
warpAffine(img, img_warp0, rotation0, dst_size); //进行仿射变换
imshow("img_warp0", img_warp0);
//根据定义的三个点进行仿射变换
Point2f src_points[3];
Point2f dst_points[3];
src_points[0] = Point2f(0, 0); //原始图像中的三个点
src_points[1] = Point2f(0, (float)(img.cols - 1));
src_points[2] = Point2f((float)(img.rows - 1), (float)(img.cols - 1));
dst_points[0] = Point2f((float)(img.rows)*0.11, (float)(img.cols)*0.20); //放射变换后图像中的三个点
dst_points[1] = Point2f((float)(img.rows)*0.15, (float)(img.cols)*0.70);
dst_points[2] = Point2f((float)(img.rows)*0.81, (float)(img.cols)*0.85);
rotation1 = getAffineTransform(src_points, dst_points); //根据对应点求取仿射变换矩阵
warpAffine(img, img_warp1, rotation1, dst_size); //进行仿射变换
imshow("img_warp1", img_warp1);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
3.3.5 图像透视变换
getPerspectiveTransform()
warpPerspective()
代码清单3-37 二维码图像透视变换
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
Mat img = imread("noobcvqr.png");
if (img.empty())
{
cout << "请确认图像文件名称是否正确" << endl;
return -1;
}
Point2f src_points[4];
Point2f dst_points[4];
//通过Image Watch查看的二维码四个角点坐标
src_points[0] = Point2f(94.0, 374.0);
src_points[1] = Point2f(507.0, 380.0);
src_points[2] = Point2f(1.0, 623.0);
src_points[3] = Point2f(627.0, 627.0);
//期望透视变换后二维码四个角点的坐标
dst_points[0] = Point2f(0.0, 0.0);
dst_points[1] = Point2f(627.0, 0.0);
dst_points[2] = Point2f(0.0, 627.0);
dst_points[3] = Point2f(627.0, 627.0);
Mat rotation, img_warp;
rotation = getPerspectiveTransform(src_points, dst_points); //计