1. 什么是spring,它能够做什么?
Spring是一个开源框架,它由Rod Johnson创建。它是为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的。
Spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。
然而,Spring的用途不仅限于服务器端的开发。从简单性、可测试性和松耦合的角度而言,任何Java应用都可以从Spring中受益。
目的:解决企业应用开发的复杂性
功能:使用基本的JavaBean代替EJB,并提供了更多的企业应用功能
范围:任何Java应用
简单来说,Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架。
2. 什么是控制反转(或依赖注入)
控制反转(IoC=Inversion of Control)IoC,用白话来讲,就是由容器控制程序之间的(依赖)关系,而非传统实现中,
由程序代码直接操控。这也就是所谓“控制反转”的概念所在:(依赖)控制权由应用代码中转到了外部容器,控制权的转移,是所谓反转。
IoC还有一个另外的名字:“依赖注入 (DI=Dependency Injection)” ,即由容器动态的将某种依赖关系注入到组件之中
IOC/DI
将以前由程序员实例化对象/赋值的工作交给了spring处理
3. 如何在spring当中定义和配置一个JavaBean
3.1 id:在容器中查找Bean的id(唯一、且不能以/开头)
3.2 class:bean的完整类名
3.3 name:在容器中查找Bean的名字(唯一、允许以/开头、允许多个值,多个值之间用逗号或空格隔开)
3.4 scope:(singleton|prototype)默认是singleton
3.4.1 singleton(单例模式):在每个Spring IoC容器中一个bean定义对应一个对象实例
3.4.2 prototype(原型模式/多例模式):一个bean定义对应多个对象实例
3.4 abstract:将一个bean定义成抽象bean(抽象bean是不能实例化的),抽象类一定要定义成抽象bean,非抽象类也可以定义成抽象bean
3.5 parent:指定一个父bean(必须要有继承关系才行)
3.6 init-method:指定bean的初始化方法
3.7 constructor-arg:使用有参数构造方法创建javaBean
案例大略图:
案例
导入spring需要的pom依赖
代码:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>pyc.first.com</groupId>
<artifactId>spring</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>spring Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url><properties>
<spring.version>5.0.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
<javax.servlet.version>4.0.0</javax.servlet.version>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 2、导入spring依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 5.1、junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 5.2、servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${javax.servlet.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>spring</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
先创个interface UserBiz
package com.pyc.ioc.biz;
/**
* 通过企业的案列来讲解使用spring ioc的必要性
* v1.0:实现游戏的上传功能
* v2.0:对游戏上传功能进行优化
*
* @author 96345
*
*/
public interface UserBiz {
public void upload();
}
UserBizImpl.java 实现接口的类
package com.pyc.ioc.biz;
public class UserBizImpl implements UserBiz{
@Override
public void upload() {
// TsODO Auto-generated method stub
// System.out.println("开始优化性能的代码");
System.out.println("实现用户上传的功能");
}
}
UserBizImpl1 第二个实现接口的类
package com.pyc.ioc.biz;
/**
*
* @author 96345
*
*/
public class UserBizImpl1 implements UserBiz{
@Override
public void upload() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("开始优化性能的代码");
System.out.println("实现用户上传的功能");
}
}
完整的spring-context.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
default-autowire="byName"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
<bean class="com.pyc.ioc.biz.UserBizImpl" id="userBiz"></bean>
<bean class="com.pyc.ioc.web.UserAction" id="xxx">
<!-- set注入用property標簽 -->
<!-- <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property>
<property name="uname" value="zs"></property>
<property name="age" value="22"></property>-->
<property name="uname" value="ls"></property>
<property name="age" value="22"></property>
<property name="hobby">
<list>
<value>籃球</value>
<value>RAP</value>
<value>廣場舞</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="com.pyc.ioc.web.OrderAction" id="ttt">
<!--无论有多少个action去引用userBiz,有了Bytype就不用写这个了 <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property> -->
</bean>
</beans>
OrderAction
package com.pyc.ioc.web;
import com.pyc.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
public class OrderAction {
private UserBiz userBiz;
public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
return userBiz;
}
public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
this.userBiz = userBiz;
}
public void uplad() {
userBiz.upload();
}
}
IocTest (测试类)
package com.pyc.ioc.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.pyc.ioc.web.OrderAction;
import com.pyc.ioc.web.UserAction;
public class IocTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
UserAction userAction=new UserAction();
userAction.upload();
// ApplicationContext springContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring.context.xml");
// UserAction userAction=(UserAction) springContext.getBean("xxx");
// OrderAction orderAction=(OrderAction) springContext.getBean("ttt");
// userAction.upload();
// orderAction.uplad();
// userAction.test1();
}
}
配置完成测试下
回退一下UserAction userAction=new UserAction();
变成
运行test1()
package com.pyc.ioc.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.pyc.ioc.web.OrderAction;
import com.pyc.ioc.web.UserAction;
public class IocTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// UserAction userAction=new UserAction();
// userAction.upload();
ApplicationContext springContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring.context.xml");
UserAction userAction=(UserAction) springContext.getBean("xxx");
// OrderAction orderAction=(OrderAction) springContext.getBean("ttt");
// userAction.upload();
// orderAction.uplad();
userAction.test1();
}
}
bytype
UserAction类
UserAction
package com.pyc.ioc.web;
import java.util.List;
import com.pyc.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
import com.pyc.ioc.biz.UserBizImpl1;
/**
* IOC的注入方式及各类类型
* set注入
* 基本类型与string
* 数组
* 自定义类型
*
* 构造注入
* 自动装配
* spring4之后出现的
* byType:根据配置的Bean中的接口,在spring的上下文中寻找对应的实现类
* byName:根据配置的Bean中的接口名字,在spring的上下文中寻找对应的实现类
* @author 96345
*
*/
public class UserAction {
private UserBiz userBiz;
private String uname;
private int age;
private List<String> hobby;
public UserAction(String uname, int age) {
super();
this.uname = uname;
this.age = age;
}
public UserAction() {
super();
}
public String getUname() {
return uname;
}
public void setUname(String uname) {
this.uname = uname;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public List<String> getHobby() {
return hobby;
}
public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {
this.hobby = hobby;
}
public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
return userBiz;
}
public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
this.userBiz = userBiz;
}
public void upload() {
userBiz.upload();
}
/**
* 注入問題
*/
public void test1() {
System.out.println(this.uname);
System.out.println(this.age);
System.out.println(this.hobby);
}
}
spring管理整个工程中的JavaBean
创建一个监听器 SpringLoaderListenter
package com.pyc.ioc.listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
* spring 作为管理整个工程中的所有的javabean.那么如果在用户发送请求的时候能够访问到指定的javabean
* 处理方式:
* 在监听器中 将spring的上下文交给tomcat的上下文中进行管理
* 浏览器-->request-->servletContext-->springContext-->任意的JavaBean
* @author 96345
*
*/
@WebListener
public class SpringLoadlistener implements ServletContextListener {
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
System.out.println("tomcat一启动就触发。。。");
ServletContext tomcatContext=sce.getServletContext();
String springXmlLocation=tomcatContext.getInitParameter("springXmlLocation");
System.out.println("spring的上下文件配置文件:"+springXmlLocation);
ApplicationContext springContext=null;
if (springXmlLocation ==null ||"".equals(springXmlLocation)) {//自己配的文件springXmlLocation
springContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring.context.xml");
}else {//如果不是,意味着web.xml已经配置了
springContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(springXmlLocation);
}
tomcatContext.setAttribute("spring_key", springContext);
}
}
byname搞两个就会报错
创建 UserServlet
package com.pyc.ioc.web;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
@WebServlet("/user")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("处理用户请求");
ApplicationContext springContext=(ApplicationContext)req.getServletContext().getAttribute("sping_key");
UserAction userAction=(UserAction) springContext.getBean("xxx");
userAction.upload();
}
}
配置web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<context-param>
<param-name>springXmlLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/spring.other.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
</web-app>