软件开发结构
1.客户端服务端概念:
客户端:例如qq,浏览器
服务端:例如电脑,服务器
2.C/S:客户端与服务端架构
3.B/S:浏览器端与服务器端架构
计算机网络
每台电脑在网络世界中都有一个全球唯一的标识就是ip地址。
通过ip地址可以找到是哪一台电脑,想访问应用程序,就需要通过电脑上的端口。
OSI模型
网络层:七层结构(OSI)
应用层:为应用程序提供服务
表示层:数据格式转化、数据加密
会话层:建立、管理和维护会话
传输层:建立、管理和维护端到端的连接
网络层:IP选址及路由选择
数据链路层:提供介质访问和链路管理
物理层:建立、维护、断开物理连接。
Tcp协议
可靠的、面向连接的。
建立连接(三次握手)
断开连接(四次挥手)
UDP协议
面向无连接,数据不安全,速度快。不区分客户端与服务端。
socket
聊天
udp:
import socket
from socket import *
udp_s=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
udp_s.bind(("10.10.x.a",8899))
dest_address=("10.10.x.a",9999)
while True:
data=input("请输入要发送的数据")
udp_s.sendto(data.encode('utf-8'),dest_address)
s=udp_s.recvfrom(124)
print(s[0].decode('utf-8'))
import socket
from socket import *
udp_s=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
dest_address=("10.10.x.a",8899)
udp_s.bind(("10.10.x.a",9999))
while True:
data=input("请输入要发送的数据")
udp_s.sendto(data.encode('utf-8'),dest_address)
s=udp_s.recvfrom(124)
print(s[0].decode('utf-8'))
聊天升级,增加了线程
from socket import *
from threading import Thread
udp_s=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
dest_address=("10.10.x.a",8899)#目标
local_address=("10.10.x.a",9999)#本地
udp_s.bind(local_address)
def send():
while True:
data = input("请输入要发送的数据")
udp_s.sendto(data.encode('utf-8'), dest_address)
def receive():
while True:
s=udp_s.recvfrom(124)
print(s[0].decode('utf-8'))
if __name__ == '__main__':
s=Thread(target=send)
c= Thread(target=receive)
s.start()
c.start()
from socket import *
from threading import Thread
udp_s=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
udp_s.bind(("10.10.x.a",8899))
dest_address=("10.10.x.a",9999)#目标
def send():
while True:
data = input("请输入要发送的数据")
udp_s.sendto(data.encode('utf-8'), dest_address)
def receive():
while True:
s=udp_s.recvfrom(124)
print(s[0].decode('utf-8'))
if __name__ == '__main__':
s=Thread(target=send)
c= Thread(target=receive)
s.start()
c.start()
tcp:
#client:
from socket import *
client_socket=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
dest_address=("10.10.x.a",9999)
client_socket.connect(dest_address)
while True:
d=input("输入发送内容")
if d=='q' or d=="quit" or d=="exit":
break
client_socket.send(d.encode("utf-8"))
r=client_socket.recv(124)
print(r.decode('utf-8'))
client_socket.close()
#server
from socket import *
server_socket=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
address=("10.10.x.a",9999)
server_socket.bind(address)#绑定
server_socket.listen(5)
print("server_socket:",server_socket)
lianjie=server_socket.accept()
while True:
r=lianjie[0].recv(124)
print(r.decode('utf-8'))
x=input("请输入发给客户端的数据")
if x=='q' or x=='quit' or x=="exit":
lianjie[0].close()
break
lianjie[0].send(x.encode('utf-8'))
server_socket.close()
升级:
#client
from socket import *
import threading
def send():
while True:
d = input("输入发送内容")
if d == 'q' or d == "quit" or d == "exit":
break
client_socket.send(d.encode("utf-8"))
def receive():
while True:
r = client_socket.recv(124)
print(r.decode('utf-8'))
if __name__ == '__main__':
client_socket=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
dest_addr=("10.10..x.a",9999)
client_socket.connect(dest_addr)
t1=threading.Thread(target=send)
t2=threading.Thread(target=receive)
t1.start()
t2.start()
t1.join()
t2.join()
client_socket.close()
#server
from socket import *
import threading
def send():
while True:
d = input("输入发送内容")
tcp_link[0].send(d.encode('utf-8'))
def receive():
while True:
d=tcp_link[0].recv(124)
print(d.decode('utf-8'))
if __name__ == '__main__':
server_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
local_address = ("10.10.x.a", 9999)
server_socket.bind(local_address) # 绑定
server_socket.listen(5)
tcp_link=server_socket.accept()
t1 = threading.Thread(target=send)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=receive)
t1.start()
t2.start()
t1.join()
t2.join()
tcp_link[0].close()
server_socket.close()