mindspore框架下Pix2Pix模型实现真实图到线稿图的转换|（二）Pix2Pix模型构建

mindspore框架下Pix2Pix模型实现真实图到线稿图的转换

1. mindspore框架下Pix2Pix模型实现真实图到线稿图的转换|（一）dataset_pix2pix数据集准备
2. mindspore框架下Pix2Pix模型实现真实图到线稿图的转换|（二）Pix2Pix模型构建
3. mindspore框架下Pix2Pix模型实现真实图到线稿图的转换|（三）Pix2Pix模型训练与模型推理
4. mindspore框架下Pix2Pix模型实现真实图到线稿图的转换|（四）模型应用实践

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Pix2Pix模型构建

1. Pix2Pix模型生成器G结构：U-Net

U-Net为全卷积结构。它分为两个部分，其中左侧是由卷积和降采样操作组成的压缩路径，右侧是由卷积和上采样组成的扩张路径。扩张的每个网络块的输入由上一层上采样的特征和压缩路径部分的特征拼接而成。网络模型整体是一个U形的结构，因此被叫做U-Net。

U-Net的特点是：加入skip-connection，对应的feature maps和decode之后的同样大小的feature maps按通道拼一起，用来保留不同分辨率下像素级的细节信息.
关于UNet Skip Connection Block：

import mindspore
import mindspore.nn as nn
import mindspore.ops as ops

class UNetSkipConnectionBlock(nn.Cell):
    def __init__(self, outer_nc, inner_nc, in_planes=None, dropout=False,
                 submodule=None, outermost=False, innermost=False, alpha=0.2, norm_mode='batch'):
        super(UNetSkipConnectionBlock, self).__init__()
        down_norm = nn.BatchNorm2d(inner_nc)
        up_norm = nn.BatchNorm2d(outer_nc)
        use_bias = False
        if norm_mode == 'instance':
            down_norm = nn.BatchNorm2d(inner_nc, affine=False)
            up_norm = nn.BatchNorm2d(outer_nc, affine=False)
            use_bias = True
        if in_planes is None:
            in_planes = outer_nc
        down_conv = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, inner_nc, kernel_size=4,
                              stride=2, padding=1, has_bias=use_bias, pad_mode='pad')
        down_relu = nn.LeakyReLU(alpha)
        up_relu = nn.ReLU()
        if outermost:
            up_conv = nn.Conv2dTranspose(inner_nc * 2, outer_nc,
                                         kernel_size=4, stride=2,
                                         padding=1, pad_mode='pad')
            down = [down_conv]
            up = [up_relu, up_conv, nn.Tanh()]
            model = down + [submodule] + up
        elif innermost:
            up_conv = nn.Conv2dTranspose(inner_nc, outer_nc,
                                         kernel_size=4, stride=2,
                                         padding=1, has_bias=use_bias, pad_mode='pad')
            down = [down_relu, down_conv]
            up = [up_relu, up_conv, up_norm]
            model = down + up
        else:
            up_conv = nn.Conv2dTranspose(inner_nc * 2, outer_nc,
                                         kernel_size=4, stride=2,
                                         padding=1, has_bias=use_bias, pad_mode='pad')
            down = [down_relu, down_conv, down_norm]
            up = [up_relu, up_conv, up_norm]

            model = down + [submodule] + up
            if dropout:
                model.append(nn.Dropout(p=0.5))
        self.model = nn.SequentialCell(model)
        self.skip_connections = not outermost

    def construct(self, x):
        out = self.model(x)
        if self.skip_connections:
            out = ops.concat((out, x), axis=1)
        return out

基于UNet的生成器G：

class UNetGenerator(nn.Cell):
    def __init__(self, in_planes, out_planes, ngf=64, n_layers=8, norm_mode='bn', dropout=False):
        super(UNetGenerator, self).__init__()
        unet_block = UNetSkipConnectionBlock(ngf * 8, ngf * 8, in_planes=None, submodule=None,
                                             norm_mode=norm_mode, innermost=True)
        for _ in range(n_layers - 5):
            unet_block = UNetSkipConnectionBlock(ngf * 8, ngf * 8, in_planes=None, submodule=unet_block,
                                                 norm_mode=norm_mode, dropout=dropout)
        unet_block = UNetSkipConnectionBlock(ngf * 4, ngf * 8, in_planes=None, submodule=unet_block,
                                             norm_mode=norm_mode)
        unet_block = UNetSkipConnectionBlock(ngf * 2, ngf * 4, in_planes=None, submodule=unet_block,
                                             norm_mode=norm_mode)
        unet_block = UNetSkipConnectionBlock(ngf, ngf * 2, in_planes=None, submodule=unet_block,
                                             norm_mode=norm_mode)
        self.model = UNetSkipConnectionBlock(out_planes, ngf, in_planes=in_planes, submodule=unet_block,
                                             outermost=True, norm_mode=norm_mode)

    def construct(self, x):
        return self.model(x)

原始cGAN的输入是条件x和噪声z两种信息，这里的生成器只使用了条件信息，因此不能生成多样性的结果。因此Pix2Pix在训练和测试时都使用了dropout，这样可以生成多样性的结果。

2. Pix2Pix模型判别器结构：基于PatchGAN

判别器使用的PatchGAN结构，可看做卷积。生成的矩阵中的每个点代表原图的一小块区域（patch）。通过矩阵中的各个值来判断原图中对应每个Patch的真假。

import mindspore.nn as nn

class ConvNormRelu(nn.Cell):
    def __init__(self,
                 in_planes,
                 out_planes,
                 kernel_size=4,
                 stride=2,
                 alpha=0.2,
                 norm_mode='batch',
                 pad_mode='CONSTANT',
                 use_relu=True,
                 padding=None):
        super(ConvNormRelu, self).__init__()
        norm = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_planes)
        if norm_mode == 'instance':
            norm = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_planes, affine=False)
        has_bias = (norm_mode == 'instance')
        if not padding:
            padding = (kernel_size - 1) // 2
        if pad_mode == 'CONSTANT':
            conv = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, out_planes, kernel_size, stride, pad_mode='pad',
                             has_bias=has_bias, padding=padding)
            layers = [conv, norm]
        else:
            paddings = ((0, 0), (0, 0), (padding, padding), (padding, padding))
            pad = nn.Pad(paddings=paddings, mode=pad_mode)
            conv = nn.Conv2d(in_planes, out_planes, kernel_size, stride, pad_mode='pad', has_bias=has_bias)
            layers = [pad, conv, norm]
        if use_relu:
            relu = nn.ReLU()
            if alpha > 0:
                relu = nn.LeakyReLU(alpha)
            layers.append(relu)
        self.features = nn.SequentialCell(layers)

    def construct(self, x):
        output = self.features(x)
        return output

class Discriminator(nn.Cell):
    def __init__(self, in_planes=3, ndf=64, n_layers=3, alpha=0.2, norm_mode='batch'):
        super(Discriminator, self).__init__()
        kernel_size = 4
        layers = [
            nn.Conv2d(in_planes, ndf, kernel_size, 2, pad_mode='pad', padding=1),
            nn.LeakyReLU(alpha)
        ]
        nf_mult = ndf
        for i in range(1, n_layers):
            nf_mult_prev = nf_mult
            nf_mult = min(2 ** i, 8) * ndf
            layers.append(ConvNormRelu(nf_mult_prev, nf_mult, kernel_size, 2, alpha, norm_mode, padding=1))
        nf_mult_prev = nf_mult
        nf_mult = min(2 ** n_layers, 8) * ndf
        layers.append(ConvNormRelu(nf_mult_prev, nf_mult, kernel_size, 1, alpha, norm_mode, padding=1))
        layers.append(nn.Conv2d(nf_mult, 1, kernel_size, 1, pad_mode='pad', padding=1))
        self.features = nn.SequentialCell(layers)

    def construct(self, x, y):
        x_y = ops.concat((x, y), axis=1)
        output = self.features(x_y)
        return output

3. Pix2Pix的生成器和判别器初始化

实例化Pix2Pix生成器和判别器。

import mindspore.nn as nn
from mindspore.common import initializer as init

g_in_planes = 3
g_out_planes = 3
g_ngf = 64
g_layers = 8
d_in_planes = 6
d_ndf = 64
d_layers = 3
alpha = 0.2
init_gain = 0.02
init_type = 'normal'


net_generator = UNetGenerator(in_planes=g_in_planes, out_planes=g_out_planes,
                              ngf=g_ngf, n_layers=g_layers)
for _, cell in net_generator.cells_and_names():
    if isinstance(cell, (nn.Conv2d, nn.Conv2dTranspose)):
        if init_type == 'normal':
            cell.weight.set_data(init.initializer(init.Normal(init_gain), cell.weight.shape))
        elif init_type == 'xavier':
            cell.weight.set_data(init.initializer(init.XavierUniform(init_gain), cell.weight.shape))
        elif init_type == 'constant':
            cell.weight.set_data(init.initializer(0.001, cell.weight.shape))
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError('initialization method [%s] is not implemented' % init_type)
    elif isinstance(cell, nn.BatchNorm2d):
        cell.gamma.set_data(init.initializer('ones', cell.gamma.shape))
        cell.beta.set_data(init.initializer('zeros', cell.beta.shape))


net_discriminator = Discriminator(in_planes=d_in_planes, ndf=d_ndf,
                                  alpha=alpha, n_layers=d_layers)
for _, cell in net_discriminator.cells_and_names():
    if isinstance(cell, (nn.Conv2d, nn.Conv2dTranspose)):
        if init_type == 'normal':
            cell.weight.set_data(init.initializer(init.Normal(init_gain), cell.weight.shape))
        elif init_type == 'xavier':
            cell.weight.set_data(init.initializer(init.XavierUniform(init_gain), cell.weight.shape))
        elif init_type == 'constant':
            cell.weight.set_data(init.initializer(0.001, cell.weight.shape))
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError('initialization method [%s] is not implemented' % init_type)
    elif isinstance(cell, nn.BatchNorm2d):
        cell.gamma.set_data(init.initializer('ones', cell.gamma.shape))
        cell.beta.set_data(init.initializer('zeros', cell.beta.shape))

class Pix2Pix(nn.Cell):
    """Pix2Pix模型网络"""
    def __init__(self, discriminator, generator):
        super(Pix2Pix, self).__init__(auto_prefix=True)
        self.net_discriminator = discriminator
        self.net_generator = generator

    def construct(self, reala):
        fakeb = self.net_generator(reala)
        return fakeb