Docker的常用命令
帮助命令
docker version # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
- 帮助文档地址:https://docs.docker.com/reference/
镜像命令
- docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/$ sudo docker images -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 11 months ago 13.3kB
#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签(版本)
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
#可选项
-a, --all # 列出所有的镜像
-q, --quiet # Only show image IDs
- docker search 搜索镜像
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/$ sudo docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 13142 [OK]
# 可选项
--filter=START=5000 #只显示收藏5000以上的mysql
- docker pull 拉取镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag](版本号)
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/$ sudo docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag默认下载最新版
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
492d84e496ea: Pull complete # 分层下载,联合文件系统
bbe20050901c: Pull complete
e3a5e171c2f8: Pull complete
c2cedd8aa061: Pull complete
d6a485af4cc9: Pull complete
ee16a57baf60: Pull complete
64bab9180d2a: Pull complete
c3aceb7e4f48: Pull complete
269002e5cf58: Pull complete
d5abeb1bd18e: Pull complete
cbd79da5fab6: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:cdf3b62d78d1bbb1d2bd6716895a84014e00716177cbb7e90f6c6a37a21dc796 # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
# 也可使用真实地址拉取,下面两条指令等价
sudo docker pull mysql
sudo docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 可选项,指定版本下载
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/$ sudo docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
9815334b7810: Pull complete
f85cb6fccbfd: Pull complete
b63612353671: Pull complete
447901201612: Pull complete
9b6bc806cc29: Pull complete
24ec1f4b3b0d: Pull complete
207ed1eb2fd4: Pull complete
27cbde3edd97: Pull complete
0a5aa35cc154: Pull complete
e6c92bf6471b: Pull complete
07b80de0d1af: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c1bda6ecdbc63d3b0d3a3a3ce195de3dd755c4a0658ed782a16a0682216b9a48
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
现在我们就有了三个镜像
- docker rmi 删除镜像
# 删除指定的容器
sudo docker rmi -f 镜像id
# 删除多个容器
sudo docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id
# 删除全部的容器
sudo docker rmi -f &(docker images -aq)
容器命令
说明:有了镜像才可以创建容器
下面的容器命令都使用Ubuntu来试验,所以需要先拉取一个Ubuntu镜像
sudo docker pull ubuntu
- 新建容器并启动
sudo docker run [可选参数] 镜像名
# 可选参数
--name="NAME" # 容器名字,用来区分容器
-d # 后台方式运行
-it # 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p # 指定容器的端口 -p 8080
# 可用方式
# -p ip:主机端口:容器端口
# -p 主机端口:容器端口
# -p 容器端口
# 容器端口
-P # 随机指定端口
# 测试,启动并进入容器
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/$ sudo docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash #最后这个/bin/bash表示容器命令的方式,Ubuntu容器如果不填,默认是bash
root@e8d87cd91f94:/# ls
bin dev home lib32 libx32 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot etc lib lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
root@e8d87cd91f94:/# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
1 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
10 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
# 从容其中退回主机
root@e8d87cd91f94:/# exit
exit
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/$ ls
bin dev forse init lib32 libx32 media opt root sbin srv tmp var
boot etc home lib lib64 lost+found mnt proc run snap sys usr
- 列出所有正在运行的容器
#docker ps命令
# 列出当前正在运行的所有容器
-a # 列出历史运行过的所有的容器,默认显示正在运行,只有加上-a才会显示历史运行过的。
-n=? # 显示最近创建的n个容器
-q # 只显示容器id
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e8d87cd91f94 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago fervent_turing
993e1a13c657 ubuntu "bash" 11 minutes ago Exited (0) 10 minutes ago agitated_wright
7dacff4b47ed feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 25 hours ago Exited (0) 25 hours ago affectionate_bhabha
- 退出容器
exit # 直接停止并退出
ctrl + p + q # 容器不停止退出
- 删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器
docker rm $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器
# 解释-f 是force的缩写,强制进行。
# 如果对正在运行的容器进行删除,会提示不能删除,但是如果加上-f依旧可以删除。
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器
- 启动和停止容器
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前正在运行的容器
其他常用的命令
- 后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/$ sudo docker run -d ubuntu
2867e23cf7e4afa118170f14678a3754006c85bb2b3d356765917822859bc108
# 一个问题: docker ps。发现Ubuntu停止了
# docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
# nginx,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就是没有程序了。
- 查看日志
# 命令 docker logs 镜像id
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/$ sudo docker logs -tf --tail 10 2867e23cf7e4
# 自己写一段shell脚本,让容器中存在一个前台进程
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/$ sudo docker run -d ubuntu /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo forse111;sleep 1;done"
60c96fae3f9f3842ea8a5ef1d238daa887159bc4a51c324b1a476dd2e365152c
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
60c96fae3f9f ubuntu "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 7 seconds ago Up 5 seconds eloquent_borg
# 显示日志
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/etc/docker$ sudo docker logs -tf 60c96fae3f9f
2022-09-07T10:36:42.257978600Z forse111
2022-09-07T10:36:43.260616000Z forse111
2022-09-07T10:36:44.262080100Z forse111
2022-09-07T10:36:45.264288900Z forse111
2022-09-07T10:36:46.266965200Z forse111
2022-09-07T10:36:47.269596500Z forse111
2022-09-07T10:36:48.271188000Z forse111
2022-09-07T10:36:49.272525200Z forse111
# 可选项
-f # 显示日志
-t # 显示时间戳
-tail number # 要显示的日志条数
- 查看容器中的进程信息
# 命令 docker top 容器id
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/$ sudo docker top ae7adb561659
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 22324 22304 0 18:45 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo forse111;sleep 1;done
root 22463 22324 0 18:46 ? 00:00:00 sleep 1
- 查看容器的元数据
# 命令 docker inspect 容器id
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/$ sudo docker inspect ae7adb561659
[
{
"Id": "ae7adb561659be8aba977955134ac4eedb188985660629127c70a90a73a3e0ff",
"Created": "2022-09-07T10:45:44.692006Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo forse111;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 22324,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-09-07T10:45:45.1699566Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:2dc39ba059dcd42ade30aae30147b5692777ba9ff0779a62ad93a74de02e3e1f",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ae7adb561659be8aba977955134ac4eedb188985660629127c70a90a73a3e0ff/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ae7adb561659be8aba977955134ac4eedb188985660629127c70a90a73a3e0ff/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ae7adb561659be8aba977955134ac4eedb188985660629127c70a90a73a3e0ff/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ae7adb561659be8aba977955134ac4eedb188985660629127c70a90a73a3e0ff/ae7adb561659be8aba977955134ac4eedb188985660629127c70a90a73a3e0ff-json.log",
"Name": "/brave_golick",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7d5cebb1cccab06c24bd1078f7752079f0106370daf52887e1982c06b4e93f88-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/20da1912f347c67ff0d82b204414b612b1020868e5ca6c70432b0f65687a30db/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7d5cebb1cccab06c24bd1078f7752079f0106370daf52887e1982c06b4e93f88/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7d5cebb1cccab06c24bd1078f7752079f0106370daf52887e1982c06b4e93f88/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7d5cebb1cccab06c24bd1078f7752079f0106370daf52887e1982c06b4e93f88/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "ae7adb561659",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash",
"-c",
"while true;do echo forse111;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "ubuntu",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "eabef7d7a47d696284faef66b6eb77fe193fe9eaf67c608e7572944c3e3b9e59",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/eabef7d7a47d",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "680d2456b40326ae34797884d867d92419294e45ccfb6255dae8419ae90b1e22",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "26de9db8749aa4dc319cda3fbcd74a84aae5acb5077e6aa11930ad09e66ab9b9",
"EndpointID": "680d2456b40326ae34797884d867d92419294e45ccfb6255dae8419ae90b1e22",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
- 进入当前正在进行的容器
# 我们的容器通常是用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id
# 测试
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/$ sudo docker exec -it ae7adb561659 /bin/bash
root@ae7adb561659:/# ls
bin dev home lib32 libx32 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot etc lib lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/$ sudo docker attach ae7adb561659
forse111
forse111
forse111
forse111
forse111
# docker exec 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程
- 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
# 命令
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 主机上路径
# 测试
# 进入到容器
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/home$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e36e1a7bd353 ubuntu "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute sad_cerf
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/home$ sudo docker attach e36e1a7bd353
# 在docker中创建文件
root@e36e1a7bd353:/# cd home
root@e36e1a7bd353:/home# ls
root@e36e1a7bd353:/home# touch test.java
root@e36e1a7bd353:/home# ls
test.java
# 退回到主机上,将文件copy到主机上
root@e36e1a7bd353:/home# read escape sequence
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/home$ docker cp
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/home$ sudo docker cp e36e1a7bd353:/home/test.java /home
forse@01Z1m1j22037334:/home$ ls
forse test.java
# copy是一个手动过程,未来使用-v卷的技术,可以实现。
学习资源
哔哩哔哩 狂神说
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?p=12&spm_id_from=pageDriver&vd_source=7f509af7a827703d178517bdb37b3cfd