网络编程(Linux系统编程)

socket编程步骤

模拟场景
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Sockt服务器和客户端的开发步骤
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Linux提供的API简析

  1. 创建套接字(连接协议)
int socket(int domain,int type,int protocol)

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  1. 准备好地址
int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,socklen_t addrlen);

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地址转换API

 int inet_aton(const char *straddr, struct in_addr *addrp);
 char *inet_ntoa(struct in_addr inaddr);

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  1. 监听
int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);

backlog:支持最大的连接数
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  1. 连接
 int accept4(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr,socklen_t *addrlen, int flags);

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  1. 数据收发

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  1. 客户端的connect函数
 int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,socklen_t addrlen);

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socket服务端代码实现

socket

//1.socket  int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
	s_fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM.0)
				//ipv4   tcp协议
	if(s_fd == -1){
		printf("创建socket失败");
		perror("socket:");
		exit(-1);

	}

bind

//2.bind  int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
	struct sockaddr_in s_addr;
	s_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;//ipv4
	s_addr.sin_port=htons(8686);//端口号,选择5000以上。honts返回网络字节序
	//int inet_aton(const char *cp, struct in_addr *inp)
	inet_aton("127.0.0.1",&s_addr.sin_addr);//转换为网络能识别的格式
	bind(s_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&s_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));

需要查询结构体struct sockaddr_in
命令

cd /usr/include/
grep "struct sockaddr_in" * -nir

nir:r是递归查询,i是不区分大小写,n是显示行号

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listen

//3.listen int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);
	listen(s_fd,10);//监听10个连接

accept

//4.accept int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);
	int client=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
	c_fd=accept(s_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&c_addr,&client);
	if(c_fd == -1){
		printf("连接失败\n");
		perror("accept:");
		exit(-1);

	}
	printf("客户端的ip:%s\n",inet_ntoa(c_addr.sin_addr)); //把网络格式的ip地址打印成字符串格式

read

//5.read  ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
	n_read=read(c_fd,readBuf,128);
	if(n_read == -1){
		perror("read:");
	}else{
		printf("得到的消息:%d,%s\n",n_read,readBuf);
	}

write

//6.write ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
	n_write=write(c_fd,returnMsg,strlen(returnMsg));

利用telnet的方式进行通信,目前还没有写客户端的代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>      
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

      



int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
	int s_fd;
	int c_fd;
	int n_read;
	int n_write;
	char readBuf[128];
	char *returnMsg="我收到了你的信息";
	struct sockaddr_in c_addr;
	struct sockaddr_in s_addr;
	memset(&c_addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
	memset(&s_addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));//数据清空

	//1.socket  int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
	s_fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
				//ipv4   tcp协议
	if(s_fd == -1){
		printf("创建socket失败");
		perror("socket:");
		exit(-1);

	}
	//2.bind  int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);

	s_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;//ipv4
	s_addr.sin_port=htons(8603);//端口号,选择5000以上。honts返回网络字节序
	//int inet_aton(const char *cp, struct in_addr *inp)
	inet_aton("127.0.0.1",&s_addr.sin_addr);//转换为网络能识别的格式
	bind(s_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&s_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));

	//3.listen int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);
	listen(s_fd,10);//监听10个连接

	//4.accept int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);
	int client=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
	c_fd=accept(s_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&c_addr,&client);
	if(c_fd == -1){
		printf("连接失败\n");
		perror("accept:");
		exit(-1);

	}
	printf("客户端的ip:%s\n",inet_ntoa(c_addr.sin_addr)); //把网络格式的ip地址打印成字符串格式
	//5.read  ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
	n_read=read(c_fd,readBuf,128);
	if(n_read == -1){
		perror("read:");
	}else{
		printf("得到的消息:%d,%s\n",n_read,readBuf);
	}
	//6.write ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
	n_write=write(c_fd,returnMsg,strlen(returnMsg));
	return 0;
}

结果
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socket客户端代码实现

初步实现客户端的代码实现通信

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>      
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>


int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{

	int c_fd;
	int n_read;
	int n_write;
	int c_connect;
	char readBuf[128];
	char *returnMsg="这是来自客户端的信息";
	struct sockaddr_in c_addr;
	memset(&c_addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));//数据清空
	//1.socket  int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
	c_fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
				//ipv4   tcp协议
	if(c_fd == -1){
		printf("创建socket失败");
		perror("socket:");
		exit(-1);

	}
	c_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;//ipv4
	c_addr.sin_port=htons(8603);//端口号,选择5000以上。honts返回网络字节序
	//int inet_aton(const char *cp, struct in_addr *inp)
	inet_aton("127.0.0.1",&c_addr.sin_addr);//转换为网络能识别的格式
	//2.connect  int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,socklen_t addrlen);
    c_connect=connect(c_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&c_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr));
    if(c_connect == -1){
    	printf("连接失败\n");
    	perror("connect:");
    }
	
	//3.write/send ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
	n_write=write(c_fd,returnMsg,strlen(returnMsg));
	
	//4.read  ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
	n_read=read(c_fd,readBuf,128);
	if(n_read == -1){
		perror("read:");
	}else{
		printf("来自服务端的消息:%d,%s\n",n_read,readBuf);
	}
	//5.close     int close(int fd);
	close(c_fd);
	return 0;
}

结果
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实现双方聊天(服务端与客户端)

服务端代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>      
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

      



int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
	int s_fd;
	int c_fd;
	int n_read;
	int n_write;
	char readBuf[128];
	char returnMsg[128]={0};
	struct sockaddr_in c_addr;
	struct sockaddr_in s_addr;
	memset(&c_addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
	memset(&s_addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));//数据清空
	if(argc != 3){
		printf("参数出错\n");
		exit(-1);
	}
	//1.socket  int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
	s_fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
				//ipv4   tcp协议
	if(s_fd == -1){
		printf("创建socket失败");
		perror("socket:");
		exit(-1);

	}
	//2.bind  int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);

	s_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;//ipv4
	s_addr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[2]));//端口号,选择5000以上。honts返回网络字节序,atoi(argv[2])防止端口被占用
	//int inet_aton(const char *cp, struct in_addr *inp)
	inet_aton(argv[1],&s_addr.sin_addr);//转换为网络能识别的格式
	bind(s_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&s_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));

	//3.listen int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);
	listen(s_fd,10);//监听10个连接

	//4.accept int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);
	int client=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
	while(1){//不断接收客户端
		c_fd=accept(s_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&c_addr,&client);
		if(c_fd == -1){
			printf("连接失败\n");
			perror("accept:");
			exit(-1);

		}
		printf("客户端的ip:%s\n",inet_ntoa(c_addr.sin_addr)); //把网络格式的ip地址打印成字符串格式
		if(fork() == 0){
			if(fork() == 0){
				while(1){//不断写入
					memset(returnMsg,0,sizeof(returnMsg));
					printf("请输入:\n");
					gets(returnMsg);
					//6.write ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
					n_write=write(c_fd,returnMsg,strlen(returnMsg));
				}
			}
			while(1){//不断读取
				//5.read  ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
				memset(readBuf,0,sizeof(readBuf));//不断清空数据防止数据重复出现
				n_read=read(c_fd,readBuf,128);
				if(n_read == -1){
					perror("read:");
				}else{
					printf("得到的消息:%d,%s\n",n_read,readBuf);
				}
			}
			
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

客户端代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>      
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>


int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
	int ret;
	int c_fd;
	int n_read;
	int n_write;
	int c_connect;
	char readBuf[128];
	char returnMsg[128]={0};
	char *quit="quit";
	struct sockaddr_in c_addr;
	memset(&c_addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));//数据清空
	if(argc != 3){
		printf("参数出错\n");
		exit(-1);
	}
	//1.socket  int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
	c_fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
				//ipv4   tcp协议
	if(c_fd == -1){
		printf("创建socket失败");
		perror("socket:");
		exit(-1);

	}
	c_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;//ipv4
	c_addr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[2]));//端口号,选择5000以上。honts返回网络字节序
	//int inet_aton(const char *cp, struct in_addr *inp)
	inet_aton(argv[1],&c_addr.sin_addr);//转换为网络能识别的格式
	//2.connect  int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,socklen_t addrlen);
    c_connect=connect(c_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&c_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr));
    if(c_connect == -1){
    	printf("连接失败\n");
    	perror("connect:");
    }
	while(1){
		if(fork() == 0){
			while(1){//不断写入
				memset(returnMsg,0,sizeof(returnMsg));
				printf("请输入:\n");
				gets(returnMsg);
				//3.write/send ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
				n_write=write(c_fd,returnMsg,strlen(returnMsg));
				if(strcmp(quit,returnMsg) == 0){//如果输入quit则客户端就退出
					exit(0);
				
				}
			}
		}
		while(1){//不断读取
			memset(readBuf,0,sizeof(readBuf));//不断清空数据防止数据重复出现
			//4.read  ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
			n_read=read(c_fd,readBuf,128);
			if(n_read == -1){
				perror("read:");
			}else{
				printf("来自服务端的消息:%d,%s\n",n_read,readBuf);
			}
		}
		//5.close     int close(int fd);

		close(c_fd);
	}
	return 0;
}




结果
在这里插入图片描述

多方消息收发

把服务端当成显示信息信息的平台,使连接进来的客户端能够查看自己发送的信息以及信息共享,不同客户端可以进行聊天对话
服务端代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>      
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

      



int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
	int mark=0;
	int s_fd;
	int c_fd;
	int n_read;
	int n_write;
	char readBuf[128];
	char returnMsg[128]={0};
	struct sockaddr_in c_addr;
	struct sockaddr_in s_addr;
	memset(&c_addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
	memset(&s_addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));//数据清空
	if(argc != 3){
		printf("参数出错\n");
		exit(-1);
	}
	//1.socket  int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
	s_fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
				//ipv4   tcp协议
	if(s_fd == -1){
		printf("创建socket失败");
		perror("socket:");
		exit(-1);

	}
	//2.bind  int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);

	s_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;//ipv4
	s_addr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[2]));//端口号,选择5000以上。honts返回网络字节序,atoi(argv[2])防止端口被占用
	//int inet_aton(const char *cp, struct in_addr *inp)
	inet_aton(argv[1],&s_addr.sin_addr);//转换为网络能识别的格式
	bind(s_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&s_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));

	//3.listen int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);
	listen(s_fd,10);//监听10个连接

	//4.accept int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);
	int client=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
	while(1){//不断接收客户端
		c_fd=accept(s_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&c_addr,&client);
		if(c_fd == -1){
			printf("连接失败\n");
			perror("accept:");
			exit(-1);

		}
		printf("客户端的ip:%s\n",inet_ntoa(c_addr.sin_addr)); //把网络格式的ip地址打印成字符串格式
		mark++;
		if(fork() == 0){
			if(fork() == 0){
				while(1){
					sprintf(returnMsg,"欢迎第%d号客户端",mark);
					//6.write ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
					n_write=write(c_fd,returnMsg,strlen(returnMsg));
					sleep(20);
				}
			}
			while(1){
				//5.read  ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
				memset(readBuf,0,sizeof(readBuf));
				n_read=read(c_fd,readBuf,128);
				if(n_read == -1){
					perror("read:");
				}else{
					printf("得到%d号的消息:%s\n",mark,readBuf);
				}
			}
			
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

客户端代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>      
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>


int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{

	int c_fd;
	int n_read;
	int n_write;
	int c_connect;
	char readBuf[128];
	char returnMsg[128]={0};
	char *quit="quit";
	struct sockaddr_in c_addr;
	memset(&c_addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));//数据清空
	if(argc != 3){
		printf("参数出错\n");
		exit(-1);
	}
	//1.socket  int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
	c_fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
				//ipv4   tcp协议
	if(c_fd == -1){
		printf("创建socket失败");
		perror("socket:");
		exit(-1);

	}
	c_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;//ipv4
	c_addr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[2]));//端口号,选择5000以上。honts返回网络字节序
	//int inet_aton(const char *cp, struct in_addr *inp)
	inet_aton(argv[1],&c_addr.sin_addr);//转换为网络能识别的格式
	//2.connect  int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,socklen_t addrlen);
    c_connect=connect(c_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&c_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr));
    if(c_connect == -1){
    	printf("连接失败\n");
    	perror("connect:");
    }
	while(1){
		if(fork() == 0){
			while(1){//不断写入
				memset(returnMsg,0,sizeof(returnMsg));
				printf("请输入:\n");
				gets(returnMsg);
				//3.write/send ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
				n_write=write(c_fd,returnMsg,strlen(returnMsg));
				if(strcmp(quit,returnMsg) == 0){//如果输入quit则客户端就退出
					
					exit(0);
				
				}
			}
		}
		while(1){//不断读取
			memset(readBuf,0,sizeof(readBuf));//不断清空数据防止数据重复出现
			//4.read  ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
			n_read=read(c_fd,readBuf,128);
			if(n_read == -1){
				perror("read:");
			}else{
				printf("来自服务端的消息:%s\n",readBuf);
			}
		}
		//5.close     int close(int fd);
		
		close(c_fd);
	}
	return 0;
}




在这里插入图片描述

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