matplotlib作图2

1.如果图线遮挡住坐标怎么办

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x=np.linspace(-3,3,100)
y1=x*2+1
y2=0.25*x**2
ax=plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
plt.plot(x,y1,'r--',linewidth=8, zorder=1)
plt.plot(x,y2,'y--',linewidth=8,zorder=1)
plt.xlim(-4,4)
plt.ylim(-8,8)

ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',0))

for label in ax.get_xticklabels()+ax.get_yticklabels():
    label.set_fontsize(12)
    label.set_bbox(dict(facecolor='white',edgecolor='None',alpha=0.8,zorder=2))

plt.show()

2.散点图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

n=1024
X=np.random.normal(0,1,n)#随机数均值为0，方差为1,1024个点
Y=np.random.normal(0,1,n)

T=np.arctan2(Y,X)#for color value
plt.scatter(X,Y,s=75,c=T,alpha=0.5)#s=size,c=color,T=cmap,alpha透明度

plt.xlim(-1.5,1.5)
plt.ylim(-1.5,1.5)

plt.xticks(())#去除坐标点
plt.yticks(())
plt.show()

3.柱状图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

n=12
X=np.arange(n)
Y1=(1-X/float(n))*np.random.uniform(0.5,1,n)
Y2=(1-X/float(n))*np.random.uniform(0.5,1,n)

plt.bar(X,Y1,facecolor='#9999ff',edgecolor='white')
plt.bar(X,-Y2,facecolor='#ff9999',edgecolor='white')

ax=plt.gca()
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',0))

for x,y in zip(X,Y1):
    plt.text(x+0.04,y+0.005,'%.2f'%y,ha='center',va='bottom')
for x,y in zip(X,-Y2):
    plt.text(x+0.04,y-0.005,'%.2f'%y,ha='center',va='top')
plt.show()

4.等高线图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
def f(x,y):#height
    return(1-x/2+x**5+y**3)*np.exp(-x**2-y**2)

n=256
x=np.linspace(-3,3,n)
y=np.linspace(-3,3,n)

X,Y=np.meshgrid(x,y)
plt.contourf(X,Y,f(X,Y),20,alpha=0.75,cmap=plt.cm.cool)
#填充颜色,数字表示分的份数
C=plt.contour(X,Y,f(X,Y),20,colors='black',linewidth=0.5)
#等高线的线
plt.clabel(C,inline=True,fontsize=10)
plt.xticks(())
plt.yticks(())
plt.show()

5.image show

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

a = np.array([0.313660827978, 0.365348418405, 0.423733120134,
              0.365348418405, 0.439599930621, 0.525083754405,
              0.423733120134, 0.525083754405, 0.651536351379]).reshape(3,3)

plt.imshow(a,interpolation='nearest',cmap='rainbow',origin='upper')
plt.colorbar(shrink=0.8)
plt.xticks(())
plt.yticks(())
plt.show()

6.3D图像

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

fig=plt.figure()
ax=Axes3D(fig)

X=np.arange(-4,4,0.25)
Y=np.arange(-4,4,0.25)
X,Y=np.meshgrid(X,Y)
R=np.sqrt(X**2+Y**2)
Z=np.sin(R)

ax.plot_surface(X,Y,Z,rstride=1,cstride=1,cmap='rainbow')
ax.contourf(X,Y,Z,zdir='z',offset=-2,cmap='rainbow')#
ax.set_zlim(-2,2)

plt.show()