python·抽象类·继承原理

抽象类
定义抽象类
定义抽象类需要导入abc模块 from abc import ABCMeta，abstractmethod.

from abc import ABCMeta,abstractclassmethod
#抽象类
class Animal (metaclass=ABCMeta):
    #抽象方法
    @abstractclassmethod
    def eat(self):pass
    @abstractclassmethod
    def sleep(self):pass
    #可以定义普通的方法
    def play (self):
        print('转悠')
class Dog(Animal):
    def eat(self):
        print('吃狗粮')
    def sleep(self):
        print('乖乖的睡觉')

dog=Dog()
dog.play()

继承原理

class A(object):
    def test(self):
        print(' A test')


class B(A):
    def test(self):
        print(' B test')


class C(A):
    def test(self):
        print(' C test')


class D(B, C):
    def test(self):
        print(' D test')


print(D.mro())
打印结果
#[<class '__main__.D'>, <class '__main__.B'>, <class '__main__.C'>, <class '__main__.A'>, <class 'object'>]

在每个方法中都调用super().func()方法，查看执行顺序。

class A(object):
    def test(self):
        print(' A test')


class B(A):
    def test(self):
        super().test()
        print(' B test')


class C(A):
    def test(self):
        super().test()
        print(' C test')


class D(B, C):
    def test(self):
        super().test()
        print(' D test')


d = D()
d.test()
print(D.mro())

打印结果
'''[<class '__main__.D'>, <class '__main__.B'>, <class '__main__.C'>, <class '__main__.A'>, <class 'object'>]'''

源码经过测试 均可正常使用