线程的状态具有运行与关闭的状态,那么线程池也不例外。java线程池具有 5 种状态:Running、ShutDown、Stop、Tidying、Terminated。
线程池状态解析
1. Running
- 线程池一旦被初始化,就是Running状态。也就是说,线程池被一旦被创建,就处于RUNNING状态,当然,此时线程池中的任务数为0。
- private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));
- 底层就是执行这句代码实现的 RUNNING 状态,有兴趣的可以深入了解一下
- 在RUNNING状态下,可以接收新任务,也可以对原有任务进行处理。
- 调用 shutdown() 方法,Running ==> ShutDown 状态
- 调用 shutdownNow() 方法,Running状态 ==> Stop 状态
2. ShutDown
- ShutDown 即关闭状态,不接收新任务,但能处理已添加的任务。
- 当队列为空且任务全部执行完毕时,会 ShutDown 状态 ==> Tidying 状态
3. Stop
- ShutDown 即停止状态,不接收新任务,不处理已添加的任务,并且会中断正在处理的任务。
- 当执行任务为空时,会 Stop 状态 ==> Tidying 状态
4. Tidying
- 当所有的任务已终止,ctl记录的”任务数量”为0,线程池会变为TIDYING状态。
- 调用 terminated() 函数,TIDYING状态 ==> TERMINATED 状态。
5. Terminated
- Terminated 即终止状态。线程池彻底终止,就变成TERMINATED状态。
6. 线程池状态代码查验
温馨提示,要彻底看懂接下来的代码,跳转 java 位运算的简单理解
- 线程池使用原子类 AtomicInteger ctl 存储线程状态
- 利用 COUNT_BITS = 3 分割线程池状态与线程个数
- 高位前 3 为存储线程池状态
- 111 ==> RUNNING 状态
- 000 ==> SHUTDOWN状态
- 001 ==> STOP状态
- 010 ==> TIDYING状态
- 011 ==> TERMINATED状态
- 低位 29 位存储线程个数
public class ThreadPoolTest {
// private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));
private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3;
// 存储线程个数
private static final int CAPACITY = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;
private static final int RUNNING = -1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int SHUTDOWN = 0 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int STOP = 1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TIDYING = 2 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TERMINATED = 3 << COUNT_BITS;
// 高位补 0
private static String getFormatStr(int num, int len) {
String integerMaxValueStr = Integer.toBinaryString(num);
int a = len;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int l = integerMaxValueStr.length();
int i = 0;
for (; a > 0; --a) {
if (--l >= 0) {
sb.append(integerMaxValueStr.charAt(l));
} else {
sb.append("0");
}
if (++i % 4 == 0) {
if (a > 1) {
sb.append("-");
}
i = 0;
}
}
return sb.reverse().toString();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Integer.SIZE = " + Integer.SIZE);
System.out.println("RUNNING 的十进制: " + RUNNING);
System.out.println("RUNNING 的二进制: " + getFormatStr(RUNNING, 32));
System.out.println("SHUTDOWN 的十进制: " + SHUTDOWN);
System.out.println("SHUTDOWN 的二进制: " + getFormatStr(SHUTDOWN, 32));
System.out.println("STOP 的十进制: " + STOP);
System.out.println("STOP 的二进制: " + getFormatStr(STOP, 32));
System.out.println("TIDYING 的十进制: " + TIDYING);
System.out.println("TIDYING 的二进制: " + getFormatStr(TIDYING, 32));
System.out.println("TERMINATED 的十进制: " + TERMINATED);
System.out.println("TERMINATED 的二进制: " + getFormatStr(TERMINATED, 32));
System.out.println("CAPACITY 的十进制: " + CAPACITY);
System.out.println("CAPACITY 的二进制: " + getFormatStr(CAPACITY, 32));
}
}
7. 各种状态的检验
- ThreadPoolExecutor 没有提供对外的 ctl 状态,只有 private,所以采用 debug 方式查验
7.1 Running 状态
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class RunningTest {
public static int state = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(50, 100,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1000));
// 这里打断点
System.out.println("线程是否 shutdown 状态:" + threadPool.isShutdown());
}
}
/*
* 根据各种状态校验值与源码,可以看到,isShutdown 为false 的情况只有Running状态
public boolean isShutdown() {
return ! isRunning(ctl.get());
}
private static boolean isRunning(int c) {
return c < SHUTDOWN;
}
*/
7.2 ShutDown ==> TIDYING ==> Terminated状态
- 为了查看 TIDYING 状态,选择继承 ThreadPoolExecutor,重写 terminated() 方法
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class ShutDownTest extends ThreadPoolExecutor{
public static int state = 0;
public ShutDownTest(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue);
}
@Override
protected void terminated() {
// 这里是第二个断点
System.out.println("==================");
// super.terminated();
}
static ThreadPoolExecutor threadPool = null;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPool = new ShutDownTest(50, 100,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1000));
System.out.println("线程是否 shutdown 状态:" + threadPool.isShutdown());
state++;
threadPool.execute(() -> {
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
System.out.println("=======任务未执行完的 shutdown()======");
threadPool.shutdown();
// 这里是第一个断点
System.out.println("线程是否 shutdown 状态:" + threadPool.isShutdown());
Thread.sleep(3000);
state++;
// 这里是第三个断点
System.out.println("线程是否 shutdown 状态:" + threadPool.isShutdown());
}
}
-
断点1:任务未执行完: ctl = 1 ==> 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001,高三位 000,此时是shutdown
-
断点2:TIDYING 状态调用 terminated(),此时还未到 Terminated 状态
-
terminated() 方法执行完成,此时已达 Terminated 状态。
7.3 Stop ==> TIDYING ==> Terminated状态
- 与 shutdown 类似,只不过关闭线程池调用的是 shutdownNow();
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class StopTest extends ThreadPoolExecutor{
public static int state = 0;
public StopTest(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue);
}
@Override
protected void terminated() {
System.out.println("==================");
}
static ThreadPoolExecutor threadPool = null;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPool = new StopTest(50, 100,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1000));
state++;
threadPool.execute(() -> {
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
System.out.println("=======任务未执行完的 shutdownNow()======");
threadPool.shutdownNow();
System.out.println("线程是否 shutdown 状态:" + threadPool.isShutdown());
state++;
System.out.println("线程是否 shutdown 状态:" + threadPool.isShutdown());
}
}
-
Stop 状态
-
TIDYING 状态 调用 terminated(),此时还未到 Terminated 状态
- terminated()方法已完成,Terminated 状态
8. Shutdown 与 Stop 的区别
- Shutdown 会执行已有的任务
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ShutdownAndStop {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 5,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1000));
new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println("========== 我执行了 shutdown() =========");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
threadPool.shutdown();
// threadPool.shutdownNow();
}).start();
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int finalI = i;
Thread.sleep(300);
threadPool.execute(() -> {
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("======= 我被shutdown() 但是会执行 ====== i = " + finalI);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
}
}
-
会执行已经添加进线程池的任务,后添加进来的任务报错
-
Stop 不会执行已有的任务
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ShutdownAndStop {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 5,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1000));
new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println("========== 我执行了 shutdown() =========");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// threadPool.shutdown();
threadPool.shutdownNow();
}).start();
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int finalI = i;
Thread.sleep(300);
threadPool.execute(() -> {
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("======= 我被shutdown() 但是会执行 ====== i = " + finalI);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
}
}
- 任务执行了中断,后添加进来的任务同样报错
9. 怎么通过 ctl 值获取正在执行任务的线程个数?
- 假定现在为 Running 状态
- 先来看 CAPACITY 参数,其定义 int CAPACITY = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1 = 1 << 29 - 1,即为 0001-1111-1111-1111-1111-1111-1111-1111
- ctl 值后 29 位存储线程个数,假定现在执行任务的线程为 2,即 ctl 为 1110-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0010
- 将 ctl & CAPACITY 即可得到对应的线程个数
ctl值 : 1110-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0010
CAPACITY值 : 0001-1111-1111-1111-1111-1111-1111-1111
-----------------------------------------------------
ctl & CAPACITY: 0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0010 ==> 2
10. 怎么通过 ctl 值获取线程池状态?
- 将 ctl & ~CAPACITY 即可得到对应的线程池状态
ctl值 : XXX0-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0010
~CAPACITY值 : 1110-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000
-----------------------------------------------------
ctl & CAPACITY: XXX0-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000
可以看出,ctl & CAPACITY 后,排除了正在执行线程个数的影响。
11. ThreadPoolExecutor 提供的状态函数
- ThreadPoolExecutor 对外只提供 isShutdown()、 isTerminating()、isTerminated()。
- isShutdown() 为 false 可以知道,线程池为 Running
- 至于STOP、TIDYING 没有对外提供,可以因为没啥用吧,内部可以通过 ctl 值比较获取状态。
- shutdown() 返回 void,shutdownNow() 会返回未执行的 list< Runnable >。
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class InstanceMethodsTest02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 10,
1L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1000));
System.out.println("初始化状态,线程池是否关闭: " + threadPool.isShutdown());
for(int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
threadPool.execute(() -> {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
threadPool.shutdown();
System.out.println("执行shutdown(),线程池是否关闭: " + threadPool.isShutdown());
System.out.println("执行shutdown(),非Running,但未至终止状态: " + threadPool.isTerminating());
System.out.println("等待一定时间后,线程池是否Terminating: " + threadPool.awaitTermination(20L, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
System.out.println("执行shutdown(),线程池是否已经终止: " + threadPool.isTerminated());
}
}