[翻译]Reactor Netty参考指南 - 5.HTTP服务端

Reactor Netty参考指南目录


原文地址

Reactor Netty提供了易于使用和配置的HttpServer。它隐藏了创建HTTP服务器所需的大部分Netty的功能,并增加了Reactive Streams背压。

5.1.启动和停止

要想启动一个HTTP服务器,您必须创建并且配置一个HttpServer实例。默认情况下,host被配置为任何的本地地址,当执行bind操作的时候系统会选择一个临时端口。下面是创建并且配置一个HttpServer实例的例子:

https://github.com/reactor/reactor-netty/blob/master/reactor-netty-examples/src/main/java/reactor/netty/examples/documentation/http/server/create/Application.java

import reactor.netty.DisposableServer;
import reactor.netty.http.server.HttpServer;

public class Application {
    

	public static void main(String[] args) {
    
		DisposableServer server =
				HttpServer.create()   //<1>
				          .bindNow(); //<2>

		server.onDispose()
		      .block();
	}
}

<1> 创建一个HttpServer实例用来进行之后的配置操作。

<2> 使用阻塞等待的方式启动服务器,直到初始化完成。

返回的DisposableServer提供了简单的服务器API,包括disposeNow(),这个方法可以以阻塞等待的方式来关闭服务器。

5.1.1.Host和Port

想要设置特定hostport,您可以用下面的方式来配置HTTP服务器:

https://github.com/reactor/reactor-netty/blob/master/reactor-netty-examples/src/main/java/reactor/netty/examples/documentation/http/server/address/Application.java

import reactor.netty.DisposableServer;
import reactor.netty.http.server.HttpServer;

public class Application {
    

	public static void main(String[] args) {
    
		DisposableServer server =
				HttpServer.create()
				          .host("localhost") //<1>
				          .port(8080)        //<2>
				          .bindNow();

		server.onDispose()
		      .block();
	}
}

<1> 配置HTTP服务器的host

<2> 配置HTTP服务器的port

5.2.预先初始化

默认情况下,HttpServer初始化资源的操作在需要使用的时候才进行。这意味着初始化加载的时候bind operation会占用额外的时间:

  • 事件循环组
  • native传输库(当使用了native传输的时候)
  • 用于安全性的native库(使用了OpenSsl的时候)

当您需要预加载这些资源的时候,您可以按照以下方式来配置HttpServer

https://github.com/reactor/reactor-netty/blob/master/reactor-netty-examples/src/main/java/reactor/netty/examples/documentation/http/server/warmup/Application.java

import reactor.netty.DisposableServer;
import reactor.netty.http.server.HttpServer;

public class Application {
    

	public static void main(String[] args) {
    
		HttpServer httpServer =
				HttpServer.create()
				          .handle((request, response) -> request.receive().then());

		httpServer.warmup() //<1>
		          .block();

		DisposableServer server = httpServer.bindNow();

		server.onDispose()
		      .block();
	}
}

<1> 初始化和加载事件循环组,native传输库和用于安全性的native库

5.3.HTTP路由

想要给HTTP服务器定义路由需要配置提供的HttpServerRoutes builder。示例如下:

https://github.com/reactor/reactor-netty/blob/master/reactor-netty-examples/src/main/java/reactor/netty/examples/documentation/http/server/routing/Application.java

import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import reactor.netty.DisposableServer;
import reactor.netty.http.server.HttpServer;

public class Application {
    

	public static void main(String[] args) {
    
		DisposableServer server =
				HttpServer.create()
				          .route(routes ->
				              routes.get("/hello",        //<1>
				                        (request, response) -> response.sendString(Mono.just("Hello World!")))
				                    .post("/echo",        //<2>
				                        (request, response) -> response.send(request.receive().retain()))
				                    .get("/path/{param}", //<3>
				                        (request, response) -> response.sendString(Mono.just(request.param("param"))))
				                    .ws("/ws",            //<4>
				                        (wsInbound, wsOutbound) -> wsOutbound.send(wsInbound.receive().retain())))
				          .bindNow();

		server.onDispose()
		      .block();
	}
}

<1> 提供一个为/helloGET路由,返回Hello World!字符串

<2> 提供一个为/echoPOST路由,将接收到的请求的body数据返回回去。

<3> 提供一个为/path/{param}GET路由,返回路径参数的值。

<4> 提供一个websocket的/ws路由,将接收到的数据返回回去。

服务器路由是唯一的,并且按照声明的顺序第一个匹配上的才会被调用。

5.3.1.SSE

下面的代码展示了如何配置HTTP服务器来提供Server-Sent Events服务:

https://github.com/reactor/reactor-netty/blob/master/reactor-netty-examples/src/main/java/reactor/netty/examples/documentation/http/server/sse/Application.java

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufAllocator;
import org.reactivestreams.Publisher;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.netty.DisposableServer;
import reactor.netty.http.server.HttpServer;
import reactor.netty.http.server.HttpServerRequest;
import reactor.netty.http.server.HttpServerResponse;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.function.BiFunction;

public class Application {
    

	public static void main(String[] args) {
    
		DisposableServer server =
				HttpServer.create()
				          .route(routes -> routes.get("/sse", serveSse()))
				          .bindNow();

		server.onDispose()
		      .block();
	}

	/**
	 * Prepares SSE response
	 * The "Content-Type" is "text/event-stream"
	 * The flushing strategy is "flush after every element" emitted by the provided Publisher
	 */
	private static BiFunction<HttpServerRequest, HttpServerResponse, Publisher<Void>> serveSse() {
    
		Flux<Long> flux = Flux.interval(Duration.ofSeconds(10));
		return (request, response) ->
		        response.sse()
		                .send(flux.map(Application::toByteBuf), b -> true);
	}

	/**
	 * Transforms the Object to ByteBuf following the expected SSE format.
	 */
	private static ByteBuf toByteBuf(Object any) {
    
		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		try {
    
			out.write("data: ".getBytes(Charset.defaultCharset()));
			MAPPER.writeValue(out, any);
			out.write("\n\n".getBytes(Charset.defaultCharset()));
		}
		catch (Exception e) {
    
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
		return ByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT
		                       .buffer()
		                       .writeBytes(out.toByteArray());
	}

	private static final ObjectMapper MAPPER = new ObjectMapper();
}

5.3.2.静态资源

下面的代码展示了怎么配置HTTP服务器来提供静态资源:

https://github.com/reactor/reactor-netty/blob/master/reactor-netty-examples/src/main/java/reactor/netty/examples/documentation/http/server/staticresources/Application.java

import reactor.netty.DisposableServer;
import reactor.netty.http.server.HttpServer;

import java.net.URISyntaxException
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