Struts
简介:struts是开源框架。使用Struts的目的是为了帮助我们减少在运用MVC设计模型来开发Web应用的时间。如果我们想混合使用Servlets和JSP的优点来建立可扩展的应用,struts是一个不错的选择。
Struts 是Apache软件基金会(ASF)赞助的一个开源项目。它最初是Jakarta项目中的一个子项目,并在2004年3月成为ASF的顶级项目。它通过采用JavaServlet/JSP技术,实现了基于Java EEWeb应用的MVC设计模式的应用框架,是MVC经典设计模式中的一个经典产品。
提供struts学习路径
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1-CeFPzUqns2iOhA2FucJRw 提取码: v3ft
导入jar包依赖(在pom.xml中)
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
<version>2.5.13</version>
</dependency>
导入xml文件(提供的链接中可以下载)
通过struts实现动态方法调用
提供项目大体结构
撸代码开始:
web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
UserAction.java
package com.wangcong.one;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class UserAction extends ActionSupport{
public String list() {
System.out.println("查询所有"+SUCCESS);
return SUCCESS;
}
public String add() {
System.out.println("增加");
return SUCCESS;
}
public String del() {
System.out.println("删除");
return SUCCESS;
}
public String edit() {
System.out.println("修改");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
struts-sy.xml(类似于自定义MVC的中央控制器)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<!--
相对于mvc的差异性
package:用来将一类子控制器进行分类
http://localhost:8080/struts/sy/user_del.action
中/sy对应的namespace="/sy"
-->
<package name="sy" extends="base" namespace="/sy">
<action name="/user_*" class="com.wangcong.one.UserAction" method="{1}">
<result name="success">/test.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
test.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
动态方法调用
</body>
</html>
测试
结果:
测试
结果:
测试
结果:
测试
结果:
jsp传递参数到后台的三种方式:
提供项目大体(demo1.jsp)误报错不管
撸代码开始:
demo1.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>讲解传参的三种方式</h3>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/sy/demo_test1.action?sex=nv">测试1</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/sy/demo_test2.action?uname=zx&&pwd=123">测试2</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/sy/demo_test3.action?user2.uname=ls&&user2.pwd=1234">测试2</a>
</body>
</html>
rs.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
结果集页面
</body>
</html>
DemoAction.java
package com.wangcong.one.web;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.wangcong.one.entity.User;
/**
* jsp传递参数到后台的三种方式:
* @author only老k,我为自己带盐
* 1.set传参
* 2.实现modelDriven接口传参(自定义mvc的做法)
* 3.类实例.属性传参
*/
public class DemoAction implements ModelDriven<User>{
private String sex;
private User user1=new User();
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public User getUser2() {
return user2;
}
public void setUser2(User user2) {
this.user2 = user2;
}
private User user2;
/**
* set传参是否成功
* @return
*/
public String test1() {
System.out.println(sex);
return "rs";
}
/**
* modeldriven接口传参是否成功
* @return
*/
public String test2() {
System.out.println(user1);
return "rs";
}
/**
* 类实例.属性传参是否传参成功
* @return
*/
public String test3() {
System.out.println(user2);
return "rs";
}
@Override
public User getModel() {
return user1;
}
}
struts-sy.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<!--
相对于mvc的差异性
package:用来将一类子控制器进行分类
http://localhost:8080/struts/sy/user_del.action
中/sy对应的namespace="/sy"
-->
<package name="sy" extends="base" namespace="/sy">
<action name="/user_*" class="com.wangcong.one.web.UserAction" method="{1}">
<result name="success">/test.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="demo_*" class="com.wangcong.one.web.DemoAction" method="{1}">
<result name="rs">/rs.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
运行图片
结果:
讲解struts与tomcat容器交互
提供项目大体
/**
* 讲解struts与tomcat容器交互(将后台数据传到jsp)
* 1.注入
* 耦合 使用
* 解耦
* 2.非注入
* 耦合 使用
* 解耦
* @author only老k,我为自己带盐
*
*/
测试非注入耦合
撸代码开始:
TomcatAction.java
package com.wangcong.one.web;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.wangcong.one.entity.User;
/**
* 讲解struts与tomcat容器交互(将后台数据传到jsp)
* 1.注入
* 耦合 使用
* 解耦
* 2.非注入
* 耦合 使用
* 解耦
* @author only老k,我为自己带盐
*
*/
public class TomcatAction implements ModelDriven<User>{
private String sex;
private User user1=new User();
private User user2;
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public User getUser2() {
return user2;
}
public void setUser2(User user2) {
this.user2 = user2;
}
/**
* mvc:获取数据
* HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp
* struts没有这种方式
* HttpServletRequest req = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
* @return
*/
public String demo() {
HttpServletRequest req = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
req.setAttribute("rs", "测试非注入耦合");
return "rs";
}
@Override
public User getModel() {
return user1;
}
}
struts-sy.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<!--
相对于mvc的差异性
package:用来将一类子控制器进行分类
http://localhost:8080/struts/sy/user_del.action
中/sy对应的namespace="/sy"
-->
<package name="sy" extends="base" namespace="/sy">
<action name="/user_*" class="com.wangcong.one.web.UserAction" method="{1}">
<result name="success">/test.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="demo_*" class="com.wangcong.one.web.DemoAction" method="{1}">
<result name="rs">/rs.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="tomcat_*" class="com.wangcong.one.web.TomcatAction" method="{1}">
<result name="rs">/rs.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
结果:
测试注入耦合
TomcatAction.java
package com.wangcong.one.web;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.wangcong.one.entity.User;
/**
* 讲解struts与tomcat容器交互(将后台数据传到jsp)
* 1.注入
* 耦合 使用
* 解耦
* 2.非注入
* 耦合 使用
* 解耦
* @author only老k,我为自己带盐
*
*/
public class TomcatAction implements ModelDriven<User>,ServletRequestAware{
private HttpServletRequest request;
private String sex;
private User user1=new User();
private User user2;
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public User getUser2() {
return user2;
}
public void setUser2(User user2) {
this.user2 = user2;
}
/**
* mvc:获取数据
* HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp
* struts没有这种方式
* HttpServletRequest req = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
* @return
*/
public String demo() {
// HttpServletRequest req = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
// req.setAttribute("rs", "测试非注入耦合");
request.setAttribute("rs","测试注入耦合");
return "rs";
}
@Override
public User getModel() {
return user1;
}
@Override
public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
this.request=request;
}
}
结果: