英文入门7

非谓语动词

to+动词原形 动作原形+ing
1.动词不定式：to+动词原形构成。可以做主语，宾语，宾补，定语，表语和状语。
主语：
1.To get there by bike will take us an hour
骑自行车到那儿要一个小时
宾语：
2.The driver failed to see the car in time
宾补:
3.We believe him to be guilty. 有罪的
定语：
4.The next train to arrive is from Seoul.
表语和状语：
5.My suggestion is to put off the meetin
6.I come here only to say goodbye to you 目的状语

2.动词原形+ing可作动名词用，具有动词的特征和变化形式,可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语

1.Reding is an art.
2.They went on walking and never stopped talking 宾语
3.You task is quickly cleaning the windows ——be动词后面作表语
4.This is a reading room

假主语/真主语 不定式/动名词的否定式

1.to 不定式或动名词可以在主语的位置上，但一般用it代替它作形式主语，这种情况it叫形式主语。

1.It’s a great honor to be incited.
被邀请很荣幸.
2.It’s no use cryin g over spilt milk.
因为泼出去的牛奶而哭是没有用的
覆水难收 it为假主语

2.在宾语的位置上，用it代替它作形式宾语，在种情况it叫形式宾语

1.We think it important to learn English.
我们认为学英语很重要.
2.I found it pleasant walking in the park
在公园里走是件乐事

3.对动名词或不定式进行否定时，在不定式或动名词前加not否定就可

1.He pretended not to see her.
2.He regrets not joining them.
他没有加入他们

to 不定式表示目的

1.in order to +v 表示目的.
2.so as to +v 表示目的
3.in order to 引导的目的状语，置于句首，句尾都可
so as to 引导的目的状语，只能放在句尾

I’ve written it down in order to remember it.
我把他写下来是为了记住他
He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.
他大声喊挥手目的是被注意到

4.他们的否定形式分别在to前加not.

I’ve written it down in order not to forget it.

常见不定式和动名词

1. too~to…太…以至于不能…
The room is too small to live.
2.enough+名词+to+动词/adj+enough+to+v
足够……可以……

There is enough food to eat.
足够的食物来吃
The box is big enough to contain six apples
3.On+ing 一 ……就……

On seeing the snake,the girl was very frightened.一看到蛇就很害怕
4.There is no hope of ~ing：没希望……

There is no hope of seeing him.
5.feel like-ing:想要~

I feel like eating ice cream now.
6.have a hard time -ing:做~艰难

They have a hard time solving the problem themselves.

现在分词/过去分词，分词句

1.v+ing可称之为动名词，也可称之为现在分词。
Writing books is his job.
He is writing a book

2.动词的p.p形式可称为动词的过去分词，用在完成时和被动语态当中
He has written the homework
The homework is written

3.分词句是包含现在分词和过去分词的分句
The students went out of the classroom，laughing and talking
Accompanied by his friend ，he went to the railway station