c++各种类的对象用构造函数初始化

1.普通基类对象的初始化

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class day{
	private:
		int year;
		int month;
	public:
		day();
		day(int year1,int month1);
		void display(){
			cout<<"year="<<year<<"  month="<<month<<endl;
		}	
};

//基类构造函数在类外实现

day::day(int year1,int month1){
	year=year1;
	month=month1;
} 

int main(){
	day A(2023,2);
	A.display();
	
}

2.含对象成员类的对象初始化

构造函数初始化对象成员和基类继承成员的语法是相同的

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class day{
	public:
		int year;
		int month;
	public:
		day(){}//构造函数在类中进行初始化  之前报错的原因 缺省构造函数只声明了 但并没有进行初始化 
		day(int year1,int month1);
		void display(){
			cout<<"year="<<year<<"  month="<<month<<endl;
		}	
};

//基类构造函数在类外实现

day::day(int year1,int month1){
	year=year1;
	month=month1;
	cout<<"day类构造函数初始化"<<endl; 
} 

class time:public day{
	private:
		day obj; 
		int hour;
		int mintue;
	public:
		time(){}//缺省构造函数在类中进行初始化 
		time(int year1,int month1,int hour1,int mintue1);
		void display1(){
			
		cout<<"hour="<<hour<<"  mintue="<<mintue<<endl;
		}
};

time::time(int yy,int mm,int hh,int mi):obj(yy,mm){//这句是最重要的  初始化构造函数 
	hour=hh;
	mintue=mi;
	cout<<"time类构造函数初始化"<<endl;
}

int main(){
	time A(2023,2,10,34);	
	return 0;
	
}

3.派生类对象用构造函数初始化

构造函数初始化对象成员和基类继承成员的语法是相同的

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class day{
	public:
		int year;
		int month;
	public:
		day(){}
		day(int year1,int month1);	
		~day(){
			cout<<"day类对象销毁"<<endl;
		} 
		int get_year(){
			return year;
		} 
		int get_month(){
			return month;
		}
};

day::day(int year1,int month1){
	year=year1;
	month=month1;
	cout<<"day类构造函数初始化"<<endl;
} 

class time:public day{
	private:
		int hour;
		int mintue;
	public:
		time(){}
		time(int hh,int mm);
		time(int year1,int month1,int hour1,int mintue1);//主要形式 
		~time(){
			cout<<"time类对象销毁"<<endl;
		}
};

time::time(int yy,int mm,int hh,int mi):day(yy,mm){//初始化语法形式 
	hour=hh;
	mintue=mi;
	cout<<"time类构造函数初始化"<<endl;
}

time::time(int hh,int mm){
	hour=hh;
	mintue=mm;
}

int main(){
	time A(2023,2,10,34);//派生类对象初始化 先基类构造，再派生类构造 
	int year1=A.get_year();
	int month1=A.get_month();
	cout<<"派生类调用构造函数初始化自身和从基类继承的对象成员：year="<<year1<<" month="<<month1<<endl; 
	return 0;//析构函数的调用次序与构造函数相反 
	
}