利用response下载文件和验证码实现

用到的知识：

1. 利用response传输文件，文件的输入输出流

2. 页面刷新

3. 设计图片

4. 不让浏览器缓存

5. 设置固定位随机数

package com.sn.fileServlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class fileServlet  extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1 获取下载文件的路径
        //String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/sy.jpg");
        String realPath = "D:\\java\\javaweb-02-servlet\\response\\target\\classes\\sy.png";
        System.out.println("下载的文件："+realPath);
        //2 下载的文件名是啥
        String filename = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
        //3 想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
        resp.setHeader("Content-disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(filename,"UTF-8"));
        //4 获取下载文件的输入流
       // FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        //5 创建缓冲区
        int len=0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        //6 获取outputstream对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
        //7 将 FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区，使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
        while ((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        in.close();
        out.close();

    }

}

package com.sn.fileServlet;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //让浏览器3秒自动刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh", "3");
        //内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80, 20, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到图片
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();//笔
        //设置图片的背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.fillRect(0, 0, 80, 20);
        //给图片写数据
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);

        //告诉浏览器，这个请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/png");
        //网站存在缓存，不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");

        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"png",resp.getOutputStream());


    }
    //生成随机数
    private String makeNum() {
        Random random = new Random();
        String num = random.nextInt(9999999) + "";
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < 7 - num.length(); i++) {
              sb.append("0"); //生成的数如果不够7位，就用0填充
        }
        num = sb.toString() + num;
        return num;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>xz</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.sn.fileServlet.fileServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <!-- servlet的请求路径-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>xz</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/xz</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>image</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.sn.fileServlet.ImageServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <!-- servlet的请求路径-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>image</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/image</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>