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首先,到底啥是分布式事务呢,比如我们在执行一个业务逻辑的时候有两步分别操作A数据源和B数据源,当我们在A数据源执行数据更改后,在B数据源执行时出现运行时异常,那么我们必须要让B数据源的操作回滚,并回滚对A数据源的操作;这种情况在支付业务时常常出现;比如买票业务在最后支付失败,那之前的操作必须全部回滚,如果之前的操作分布在多个数据源中,那么这就是典型的分布式事务回滚;
了解了什么是分布式事务,那分布式事务在java的解决方案就是JTA(即Java Transaction API);springboot官方提供了 Atomikos or Bitronix的解决思路;
其实,大多数情况下很多公司是使用消息队列的方式实现分布式事务。
本篇文章重点讲解springboot环境下,整合 Atomikos +mysql+mybatis+tomcat/jetty;
一、项目依赖
pom.xml中添加atomikos的springboot相关依赖:
<!--分布式事务-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jta-atomikos</artifactId>
</dependency>
点进去会发现里面整合好了:transactions-jms
、transactions-jta
、transactions-jdbc
、javax.transaction-api
二、把数据源的相关配置项单独提炼到一个application.yml中:
注意:
这回我们的
spring.datasource.type
是com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource;
spring.jta.transaction-manager-id
的值在你的电脑中是唯一的,这个详细请阅读官方文档;
![0bca400a4131fcf8e091305acc1f4981.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/bf5b35dd357fe82292c135652bffd47e.png)
完整的yml文件如下:
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource
druid:
systemDB:
name: systemDB
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot-mybatis?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: root
# 下面为连接池的补充设置,应用到上面所有数据源中
# 初始化大小,最小,最大
initialSize: 5
minIdle: 5
maxActive: 20
# 配置获取连接等待超时的时间
maxWait: 60000
# 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测,检测需要关闭的空闲连接,单位是毫秒
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
# 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间,单位是毫秒
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 30
validationQuery: SELECT 1
validationQueryTimeout: 10000
testWhileIdle: true
testOnBorrow: false
testOnReturn: false
# 打开PSCache,并且指定每个连接上PSCache的大小
poolPreparedStatements: true
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
filters: stat,wall
# 通过connectProperties属性来打开mergeSql功能;慢SQL记录
connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000
# 合并多个DruidDataSource的监控数据
useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
businessDB:
name: businessDB
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot-mybatis2?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: root
# 下面为连接池的补充设置,应用到上面所有数据源中
# 初始化大小,最小,最大
initialSize: 5
minIdle: 5
maxActive: 20
# 配置获取连接等待超时的时间
maxWait: 60000
# 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测,检测需要关闭的空闲连接,单位是毫秒
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
# 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间,单位是毫秒
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 30
validationQuery: SELECT 1
validationQueryTimeout: 10000
testWhileIdle: true
testOnBorrow: false
testOnReturn: false
# 打开PSCache,并且指定每个连接上PSCache的大小
poolPreparedStatements: true
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
filters: stat,wall
# 通过connectProperties属性来打开mergeSql功能;慢SQL记录
connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000
# 合并多个DruidDataSource的监控数据
useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
#jta相关参数配置
jta:
log-dir: classpath:tx-logs
transaction-manager-id: txManager
三、在DruidConfig.java中实现多个数据源的注册;分布式事务管理器的注册;druid的注册;
package com.zjt.config;
import com.alibaba.druid.filter.stat.StatFilter;
import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServlet;
import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter;
import com.alibaba.druid.wall.WallConfig;
import com.alibaba.druid.wall.WallFilter;
import com.atomikos.icatch.jta.UserTransactionImp;
import com.atomikos.icatch.jta.UserTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.jta.atomikos.AtomikosDataSourceBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import javax.transaction.UserTransaction;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* Druid配置
*
*
*/
@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {
@Bean(name = "systemDataSource")
@Primary
@Autowired
public DataSource systemDataSource(Environment env) {
AtomikosDataSourceBean ds = new AtomikosDataSourceBean();
Properties prop = build(env, "spring.datasource.druid.systemDB.");
ds.setXaDataSourceClassName("com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource");
ds.setUniqueResourceName("systemDB");
ds.setPoolSize(5);
ds.setXaProperties(prop);
return ds;
}
@Autowired
@Bean(name = "businessDataSource")
public AtomikosDataSourceBean businessDataSource(Environment env) {
AtomikosDataSourceBean ds = new AtomikosDataSourceBean();
Properties prop = build(env, "spring.datasource.druid.businessDB.");
ds.setXaDataSourceClassName("com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource");
ds.setUniqueResourceName("businessDB");
ds.setPoolSize(5);
ds.setXaProperties(prop);
return ds;
}
/**
* 注入事物管理器
* @return
*/
@Bean(name = "xatx")
public JtaTransactionManager regTransactionManager () {
UserTransactionManager userTransactionManager = new UserTransactionManager();
UserTransaction userTransaction = new UserTransactionImp();
return new JtaTransactionManager(userTransaction, userTransactionManager);
}
private Properties build(Environment env, String prefix) {
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.put("url", env.getProperty(prefix + "url"));
prop.put("username", env.getProperty(prefix + "username"));
prop.put("password", env.getProperty(prefix + "password"));
prop.put("driverClassName", env.getProperty(prefix + "driverClassName", ""));
prop.put("initialSize", env.getProperty(prefix + "initialSize", Integer.class));
prop.put("maxActive", env.getProperty(prefix + "maxActive", Integer.class));
prop.put("minIdle", env.getProperty(prefix + "minIdle", Integer.class));
prop.put("maxWait", env.getProperty(prefix + "maxWait", Integer.class));
prop.put("poolPreparedStatements", env.getProperty(prefix + "poolPreparedStatements", Boolean.class));
prop.put("maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize",
env.getProperty(prefix + "maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize", Integer.class));
prop.put("maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize",
env.getProperty(prefix + "maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize", Integer.class));
prop.put("validationQuery", env.getProperty(prefix + "validationQuery"));
prop.put("validationQueryTimeout", env.getProperty(prefix + "validationQueryTimeout", Integer.class));
prop.put("testOnBorrow", env.getProperty(prefix + "testOnBorrow", Boolean.class));
prop.put("testOnReturn", env.getProperty(prefix + "testOnReturn", Boolean.class));
prop.put("testWhileIdle", env.getProperty(prefix + "testWhileIdle", Boolean.class));
prop.put("timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis",
env.getProperty(prefix + "timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis", Integer.class));
prop.put("minEvictableIdleTimeMillis", env.getProperty(prefix + "minEvictableIdleTimeMillis", Integer.class));
prop.put("filters", env.getProperty(prefix + "filters"));
return prop;
}
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean druidServlet() {
ServletRegistrationBean servletRegistrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
//控制台管理用户,加入下面2行 进入druid后台就需要登录
//servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("loginUsername", "admin");
//servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("loginPassword", "admin");
return servletRegistrationBean;
}
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean() {
FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
filterRegistrationBean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());
filterRegistrationBean.addUrlPatterns("/*");
filterRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("exclusions", "*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*");
filterRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("profileEnable", "true");
return filterRegistrationBean;
}
@Bean
public StatFilter statFilter(){
StatFilter statFilter = new StatFilter();
statFilter.setLogSlowSql(true); //slowSqlMillis用来配置SQL慢的标准,执行时间超过slowSqlMillis的就是慢。
statFilter.setMergeSql(true); //SQL合并配置
statFilter.setSlowSqlMillis(1000);//slowSqlMillis的缺省值为3000,也就是3秒。
return statFilter;
}
@Bean
public WallFilter wallFilter(){
WallFilter wallFilter = new WallFilter();
//允许执行多条SQL
WallConfig config = new WallConfig();
config.setMultiStatementAllow(true);
wallFilter.setConfig(config);
return wallFilter;
}
}
四、分别配置每个数据源对应的sqlSessionFactory,以及MapperScan扫描的包:
MybatisDatasourceConfig.java
package com.zjt.config;
import com.zjt.util.MyMapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternResolver;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
/**
*
* @description
*/
@Configuration
// 精确到 mapper 目录,以便跟其他数据源隔离
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.zjt.mapper", markerInterface = MyMapper.class, sqlSessionFactoryRef = "sqlSessionFactory")
public class MybatisDatasourceConfig {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("systemDataSource")
private DataSource ds;
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory() throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
factoryBean.setDataSource(ds);
//指定mapper xml目录
ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
factoryBean.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources("classpath:mapper/*.xml"));
return factoryBean.getObject();
}
@Bean
public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate() throws Exception {
SqlSessionTemplate template = new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory()); // 使用上面配置的Factory
return template;
}
//关于事务管理器,不管是JPA还是JDBC等都实现自接口 PlatformTransactionManager
// 如果你添加的是 spring-boot-starter-jdbc 依赖,框架会默认注入 DataSourceTransactionManager 实例。
//在Spring容器中,我们手工注解@Bean 将被优先加载,框架不会重新实例化其他的 PlatformTransactionManager 实现类。
/*@Bean(name = "transactionManager")
@Primary
public DataSourceTransactionManager masterTransactionManager() {
//MyBatis自动参与到spring事务管理中,无需额外配置,只要org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean引用的数据源
// 与DataSourceTransactionManager引用的数据源一致即可,否则事务管理会不起作用。
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(ds);
}*/
}
MybatisDatasource2Config.java
package com.zjt.config;
import com.zjt.util.MyMapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternResolver;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
/**
*
* @description
*/
@Configuration
// 精确到 mapper 目录,以便跟其他数据源隔离
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.zjt.mapper2", markerInterface = MyMapper.class, sqlSessionFactoryRef = "sqlSessionFactory2")
public class MybatisDatasource2Config {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("businessDataSource")
private DataSource ds;
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory2() throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
factoryBean.setDataSource(ds);
//指定mapper xml目录
ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
factoryBean.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources("classpath:mapper2/*.xml"));
return factoryBean.getObject();
}
@Bean
public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate2() throws Exception {
SqlSessionTemplate template = new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory2()); // 使用上面配置的Factory
return template;
}
//关于事务管理器,不管是JPA还是JDBC等都实现自接口 PlatformTransactionManager
// 如果你添加的是 spring-boot-starter-jdbc 依赖,框架会默认注入 DataSourceTransactionManager 实例。
//在Spring容器中,我们手工注解@Bean 将被优先加载,框架不会重新实例化其他的 PlatformTransactionManager 实现类。
/*@Bean(name = "transactionManager2")
@Primary
public DataSourceTransactionManager masterTransactionManager() {
//MyBatis自动参与到spring事务管理中,无需额外配置,只要org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean引用的数据源
// 与DataSourceTransactionManager引用的数据源一致即可,否则事务管理会不起作用。
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(ds);
}*/
}
由于我们本例中只使用一个事务管理器:xatx,故就不在使用TxAdviceInterceptor.java
和TxAdvice2Interceptor.java
中配置的事务管理器了;有需求的童鞋可以自己配置其他的事务管理器;(见DruidConfig.java中查看)
五、新建分布式业务测试接口JtaTestService.java和实现类JtaTestServiceImpl.java
其实就是一个很简单的test01()方法,在该方法中我们分别先后调用classService.saveOrUpdateTClass(tClass);
和teacherService.saveOrUpdateTeacher(teacher);
实现先后操作两个数据源:然后我们可以自己debug跟踪事务的提交时机,此外,也可以在在两个方法全执行结束之后,手动制造一个运行时异常,来检查分布式事务是否全部回滚;
注意:
在实现类的方法中我使用的是:
@Transactional(transactionManager = "xatx", propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, rollbackFor = { java.lang.RuntimeException.class })
从而指定了使用哪个事务管理器,事务隔离级别(一般都用我这个默认的),回滚的条件(一般可以使用Exception),这三个可以自己根据业务实际修改;
package com.zjt.service3;
import java.util.Map;
public interface JtaTestService {
public Map<String,Object> test01();
}
package com.zjt.service3.impl;
import com.zjt.entity.TClass;
import com.zjt.entity.Teacher;
import com.zjt.service.TClassService;
import com.zjt.service2.TeacherService;
import com.zjt.service3.JtaTestService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Service("jtaTestServiceImpl")
public class JtaTestServiceImpl implements JtaTestService{
@Autowired
@Qualifier("teacherServiceImpl")
private TeacherService teacherService;
@Autowired
@Qualifier("tclassServiceImpl")
private TClassService tclassService;
@Override
@Transactional(transactionManager = "xatx", propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, rollbackFor = { java.lang.RuntimeException.class })
public Map<String, Object> test01() {
LinkedHashMap<String,Object> resultMap=new LinkedHashMap<String,Object>();
TClass tClass=new TClass();
tClass.setName("8888");
tclassService.saveOrUpdateTClass(tClass);
Teacher teacher=new Teacher();
teacher.setName("8888");
teacherService.saveOrUpdateTeacher(teacher);
System.out.println(1/0);
resultMap.put("state","success");
resultMap.put("message","分布式事务同步成功");
return resultMap;
}
}
六、建立JtaTestContoller.java,接受一个来自前端的http请求,触发JtaTestService 的test01方法:
package com.zjt.web;
import com.zjt.service3.JtaTestService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/jtaTest")
public class JtaTestContoller {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("jtaTestServiceImpl")
private JtaTestService taTestService;
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/test01")
public Map<String,Object> test01(){
LinkedHashMap<String,Object> resultMap=new LinkedHashMap<String,Object>();
try {
return taTestService.test01();
}catch (Exception e){
resultMap.put("state","fail");
resultMap.put("message","分布式事务同步失败");
return resultMap;
}
}
}
七、在test.ftl中增加一个按钮来测试;
//分布式事务测试
$("#JTATest").click(function(){
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "${basePath!}/jtaTest/test01",
data: {} ,
async: false,
error: function (request) {
layer.alert("与服务器连接失败/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~");
return false;
},
success: function (data) {
if (data.state == 'fail') {
layer.alert(data.message);
return false;
}else if(data.state == 'success'){
layer.alert(data.message);
}
}
});
});
<button class="layui-btn" id="JTATest">同时向班级和老师表插入名为8888的班级和老师</button>
八、启动服务,验证结果:
![98df4bf39553c90dc79028c5f319a6cb.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/b46d9e0013913d090109b9d830f244cf.png)
点击这个按钮,跳转到controller:
![06d83e6f0ea74e39c273f97d5f9d59f6.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/131a8f57a9051b4c9b666514f9f9d0b1.png)
当正常执行了sql语句之后,我们可以发现数据库并没有变化,因为整个方法的事务还没有走完,当我们走到1/0这步时:
![125c7883c75da0859c24aa2c19d6a0e8.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/999918d33043751855fb9140677ad59f.png)
抛出运行时异常,并被spring事务拦截器拦截,并捕获异常:
![0cffc67e1dc89fb3e4f5921fd19bffd4.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/d2ded7896a52e8392fd35e74b01529e8.png)
在this.completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, var16);
方法中会将事务全部回滚:
22:09:04.243 logback [http-nio-8080-exec-5] INFO c.a.i.imp.CompositeTransactionImp - rollback() done of transaction 192.168.1.103.tm0000400006
此时,当我们再次打开数据库验证,依旧没有变化,证明分布式事务配置成功;
大家可以基于我的代码自己练习一下,自己尝试着使用多事务管理器的情况下的灵活配置;
九、后记:
本文源代码:
https://github.com/zhaojiatao/springboot-zjt-chapter10-springboot-atomikos-mysql-mybatis-druid.git
代码在tomcat和jetty环境下均可完成事务回滚;
在事务回滚时可能报一个Transactional not active
的警告,我google后,老外也说不出这个具体作用,大部分人认为这只是一个警告,可以忽略;
转自:jaryle
链接:blog.csdn.net/jaryle/article/details/88638780
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