1.if语句
一个程序中可能含有多个或零个elif语句,'elif’是’else if’的缩写。
x = int(input("Please enter an integer:")) # Please enter an integer:44
if x < 0:
x = 0
print('Negative changed to zero')
elif x == 0:
print('Zero')
elif x == 1:
print('Single')
else:
print('More') # More
2.for语句
对任意序列进行迭代(例如列表或字符串),而其迭代顺序与其序列顺序一致。
word = ['zhdg', 'havsdda', 'ajva']
for i in word:
print(i, len(i))
zhdg 4
havsdda 7
ajva 4
注:若要修改其循环中的值,可以先拷贝一份副本
下面介绍一下切片操作:
word = ['zhdg', 'havsdda', 'ajva']
for i in word[:]:
if len(i) > 6:
word.insert(0, i)
print(word)
['havsdda', 'zhdg', 'havsdda', 'ajva']
3.range()函数
用法:遍历一个数字序列
for i in range(5, 10): # 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
print(i)
可以对range()适当的更改
range(0, 10, 3) # 0, 3, 6, 9
range(-10, -100, -30) # -10, -40, -70
a = ['Mary', 'had', 'a', 'little', 'lamb']
for i in range(len(a)):
print(i, a[i])
0 Mary
1 had
2 a
3 little
4 lamb
为了使用更加方便,可以将其输出形式设置为列表
print(list(range(5))) # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
4.break和continue语句
break 语句用于跳出最近的 for 或 while 循环.
for n in range(2, 10):
for x in range(2, n):
if n % x == 0:
print(n, 'equal', x, '*', n//x)
break
else:
print(n, 'is a prime number')
2 is a prime number
3 is a prime number
4 equal 2 * 2
5 is a prime number
6 equal 2 * 3
7 is a prime number
8 equal 2 * 4
9 equal 3 * 3
continue语句表示继续循环中的下一次迭代。
for num in range(2, 10):
if num % 2 == 0:
print("Found an even number", num)
continue
print("Found a number", num)
Found an even number 2
Found a number 3
Found an even number 4
Found a number 5
Found an even number 6
Found a number 7
Found an even number 8
Found a number 9
5.pass语句:
(1)pass 语句什么也不做。当语法上需要一个语句,但程序需要什么动作也不做时,可以使用它。
while True:
pass
(2)pass 的另一个可以使用的场合是在你编写新的代码时作为一个函数或条件子句体的占位符
def initlog(*args):
pass