实验代码之show-bytes.c

本章实验代码是为了解int、float以及指针类型的字节大小。并且通过对数值12345678与87654321的对比让大家能够了解到自己机器的大端小端存储方式。

/* show-bytes - prints byte representation of data */
/* $begin show-bytes */
#include <stdio.h>
/* $end show-bytes */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
/* $begin show-bytes */

typedef unsigned char *byte_pointer;
//typedef char *byte_pointer;
//typedef int *byte_pointer;

void show_bytes(byte_pointer start, size_t len) {
    size_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	printf("%p\t0x%.2x\n", &start[i], start[i]); 
    printf("\n");
}

void show_int(int x) {
    show_bytes((byte_pointer) &x, sizeof(int)); 
}

void show_float(float x) {
    show_bytes((byte_pointer) &x, sizeof(float));
}

void show_pointer(void *x) {
    show_bytes((byte_pointer) &x, sizeof(void *));
}
/* $end show-bytes */


/* $begin test-show-bytes */
void test_show_bytes(int val) {
    int ival = val;
    //float fval = (float) ival;
	//double fval = (double) ival;
	double fval = 1;
    int *pval = &ival;
    printf("Stack variable ival = %d\n", ival);
    printf("(int)ival:\n");
    show_int(ival);
    printf("(float)ival:\n");
    show_float(fval);
    printf("&ival:\n");
    show_pointer(pval);
}
/* $end test-show-bytes */

void simple_show_a() {
/* $begin simple-show-a */
int val = 0x87654321;
byte_pointer valp = (byte_pointer) &val;
show_bytes(valp, 1); /* A. */
show_bytes(valp, 2); /* B. */
show_bytes(valp, 3); /* C. */
/* $end simple-show-a */
}

void simple_show_b() {
/* $begin simple-show-b */
int val = 0x12345678;
byte_pointer valp = (byte_pointer) &val;
show_bytes(valp, 1); /* A. */
show_bytes(valp, 2); /* B. */
show_bytes(valp, 3); /* C. */
/* $end simple-show-b */
}

void float_eg() {
  int x = 3490593;
  float f = (float) x;
  printf("For x = %d\n", x);
  show_int(x);
  show_float(f);

  x = 3510593;
  f = (float) x;
  printf("For x = %d\n", x);
  show_int(x);
  show_float(f);

}

void string_ueg() {
/* $begin show-ustring */
const char *s = "ABCDEF";
show_bytes((byte_pointer) s, strlen(s)); 
/* $end show-ustring */
}

void string_leg() {
/* $begin show-lstring */
const char *s = "abcdef";
show_bytes((byte_pointer) s, strlen(s)); 
/* $end show-lstring */
}

void show_twocomp() 
{
/* $begin show-twocomp */
    short x = 12345; 
    short mx = -x; 
    
    show_bytes((byte_pointer) &x, sizeof(short)); 
    show_bytes((byte_pointer) &mx, sizeof(short)); 
/* $end show-twocomp */
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int val = 12345;
    if (argc > 1) {
        val = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 0);
	printf("calling test_show_bytes\n");
	test_show_bytes(val);
    } else {
	printf("calling show_twocomp\n");
	show_twocomp();
	printf("Calling simple_show_a\n");
	simple_show_a();
	printf("Calling simple_show_b\n");
	simple_show_b();
	printf("Calling float_eg\n");
	float_eg();
	printf("Calling string_ueg\n");
	string_ueg();
	printf("Calling string_leg\n");
	string_leg();
    }
    return 0;
}

1.不带参数时运行结果如下（typedef unsigned char *byte_pointer时）：

/*1.不带参数的运行结果
calling show_twocomp
0x7ffecafe81f4	0x39
0x7ffecafe81f5	0x30

0x7ffecafe81f6	0xc7
0x7ffecafe81f7	0xcf

Calling simple_show_a
0x7ffecafe81ec	0x21

0x7ffecafe81ec	0x21
0x7ffecafe81ed	0x43

0x7ffecafe81ec	0x21
0x7ffecafe81ed	0x43
0x7ffecafe81ee	0x65

Calling simple_show_b
0x7ffecafe81ec	0x78

0x7ffecafe81ec	0x78
0x7ffecafe81ed	0x56

0x7ffecafe81ec	0x78
0x7ffecafe81ed	0x56
0x7ffecafe81ee	0x34

Calling float_eg
For x = 3490593
0x7ffecafe81cc	0x21
0x7ffecafe81cd	0x43
0x7ffecafe81ce	0x35
0x7ffecafe81cf	0x00

0x7ffecafe81cc	0x84
0x7ffecafe81cd	0x0c
0x7ffecafe81ce	0x55
0x7ffecafe81cf	0x4a

For x = 3510593
0x7ffecafe81cc	0x41
0x7ffecafe81cd	0x91
0x7ffecafe81ce	0x35
0x7ffecafe81cf	0x00

0x7ffecafe81cc	0x04
0x7ffecafe81cd	0x45
0x7ffecafe81ce	0x56
0x7ffecafe81cf	0x4a

Calling string_ueg
0x55b808493d34	0x41
0x55b808493d35	0x42
0x55b808493d36	0x43
0x55b808493d37	0x44
0x55b808493d38	0x45
0x55b808493d39	0x46

Calling string_leg
0x55b808493d3b	0x61
0x55b808493d3c	0x62
0x55b808493d3d	0x63
0x55b808493d3e	0x64
0x55b808493d3f	0x65
0x55b808493d40	0x66

不带参数时会进行示例eg代码部分，此部分主要是对比float型及char指针型的数据进行字节测试；在show_a和show_b部分对机器内部存储方式进行了测试，据测试可知，本机为小端模式，如show_a中87654321则将低位字节21保存在低地址0x7ffecafe81ec中。

2.x=3000时，结果如下：

2.x=3000
calling test_show_bytes
Stack variable ival = 3000
(int)ival:
0x7fff3275689c	0xb8
0x7fff3275689d	0x0b
0x7fff3275689e	0x00
0x7fff3275689f	0x00

(float)ival:
0x7fff3275689c	0x00
0x7fff3275689d	0x80
0x7fff3275689e	0x3b
0x7fff3275689f	0x45

&ival:
0x7fff32756898	0xc4
0x7fff32756899	0x68
0x7fff3275689a	0x75
0x7fff3275689b	0x32
0x7fff3275689c	0xff
0x7fff3275689d	0x7f
0x7fff3275689e	0x00
0x7fff3275689f	0x00

此时代码测试内容为输入值3000的int、float以及指针型字节大小测试，由上可知int型占4个字节，float型4个字节，而指针类型占8个字节，注意，最后一段是指针所在地址而不是指针内容值！

3.x=-10000时，结果如下：

3.x=-10000
calling test_show_bytes
Stack variable ival = -10000
(int)ival:
0x7ffe23b829cc	0xf0
0x7ffe23b829cd	0xd8
0x7ffe23b829ce	0xff
0x7ffe23b829cf	0xff

(float)ival:
0x7ffe23b829cc	0x00
0x7ffe23b829cd	0x40
0x7ffe23b829ce	0x1c
0x7ffe23b829cf	0xc6

&ival:
0x7ffe23b829c8	0xf4
0x7ffe23b829c9	0x29
0x7ffe23b829ca	0xb8
0x7ffe23b829cb	0x23
0x7ffe23b829cc	0xfe
0x7ffe23b829cd	0x7f
0x7ffe23b829ce	0x00
0x7ffe23b829cf	0x00

该部分测试输入值为-10000，知负数与正数在字节大小上并无区别,。

4.x=3.14时，结果如下：

4.x=3.14
calling test_show_bytes
Stack variable ival = 3
(int)ival:
0x7ffe65fef77c	0x03
0x7ffe65fef77d	0x00
0x7ffe65fef77e	0x00
0x7ffe65fef77f	0x00

(float)ival:
0x7ffe65fef77c	0x00
0x7ffe65fef77d	0x00
0x7ffe65fef77e	0x40
0x7ffe65fef77f	0x40

&ival:
0x7ffe65fef778	0xa4
0x7ffe65fef779	0xf7
0x7ffe65fef77a	0xfe
0x7ffe65fef77b	0x65
0x7ffe65fef77c	0xfe
0x7ffe65fef77d	0x7f
0x7ffe65fef77e	0x00
0x7ffe65fef77f	0x00

当输入端为3.14时，因为最初的输入定义是int型，所以最开始在赋值时便将输入值舍为3，其余部分并无区别。

当我们将unsigned char型指针换成char型、int型指针时

typedef unsigned char *byte_pointer;
//typedef char *byte_pointer;
//typedef int *byte_pointer;

char型x=-10000时：

calling test_show_bytes
Stack variable ival = -10000
(int)ival:
0x7ffcb8dd92fc	0xfffffff0
0x7ffcb8dd92fd	0xffffffd8
0x7ffcb8dd92fe	0xffffffff
0x7ffcb8dd92ff	0xffffffff

(float)ival:
0x7ffcb8dd92fc	0x00
0x7ffcb8dd92fd	0x40
0x7ffcb8dd92fe	0x1c
0x7ffcb8dd92ff	0xffffffc6

&ival:
0x7ffcb8dd92f8	0x24
0x7ffcb8dd92f9	0xffffff93
0x7ffcb8dd92fa	0xffffffdd
0x7ffcb8dd92fb	0xffffffb8
0x7ffcb8dd92fc	0xfffffffc
0x7ffcb8dd92fd	0x7f
0x7ffcb8dd92fe	0x00
0x7ffcb8dd92ff	0x00

取负值时会自动向前扩充符号位，所以出现8位十六进制。下同。

int型x=-10000时：

calling test_show_bytes
Stack variable ival = -10000
(int)ival:
0x7ffd538ba42c	0xffffd8f0
0x7ffd538ba430	0x538ba470
0x7ffd538ba434	0x7ffd
0x7ffd538ba438	0xa843a90e

(float)ival:
0x7ffd538ba42c	0xc61c4000
0x7ffd538ba430	0x538ba470
0x7ffd538ba434	0x7ffd
0x7ffd538ba438	0xa843a924

&ival:
0x7ffd538ba428	0x538ba454
0x7ffd538ba42c	0x7ffd
0x7ffd538ba430	0x538ba470
0x7ffd538ba434	0x7ffd
0x7ffd538ba438	0xa843a93c
0x7ffd538ba43c	0x5606
0x7ffd538ba440	0xa843ad52
0x7ffd538ba444	0x5606