CSAPP实验之show-bytes.c

show-bytes代码

/* show-bytes - prints byte representation of data */
/* $begin show-bytes */
#include <stdio.h>
/* $end show-bytes */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
/* $begin show-bytes */

typedef unsigned char *byte_pointer;
//typedef char *byte_pointer;
//typedef int *byte_pointer;

void show_bytes(byte_pointer start, size_t len) {
   size_t i;
   for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
   printf("%p\t0x%.2x\n", &start[i], start[i]); 
   /*打印16进制的地址和数据*/
   printf("\n");
}

void show_int(int x) {
   show_bytes((byte_pointer) &x, sizeof(int)); 
}

void show_float(float x) {
   show_bytes((byte_pointer) &x, sizeof(float));
}

void show_pointer(void *x) {
   show_bytes((byte_pointer) &x, sizeof(void *));
}
/* $end show-bytes */

/* $begin test-show-bytes */
void test_show_bytes(int val) {
   int ival = val;
   //float fval = (float) ival;
   double fval = (double) ival;
   int *pval = &ival;
   printf("Stack variable ival = %d\n", ival);
   printf("(int)ival:\n");
   show_int(ival);
   printf("(float)ival:\n");
   show_float(fval);
   printf("&ival:\n");
   show_pointer(pval);
}
/* $end test-show-bytes */

void simple_show_a() {
/* $begin simple-show-a */
int val = 0x87654321;
byte_pointer valp = (byte_pointer) &val;
show_bytes(valp, 1); /* A. */
show_bytes(valp, 2); /* B. */
show_bytes(valp, 3); /* C. */
/* $end simple-show-a */
}

void simple_show_b() {
/* $begin simple-show-b */
int val = 0x12345678;
byte_pointer valp = (byte_pointer) &val;
show_bytes(valp, 1); /* A. */
show_bytes(valp, 2); /* B. */
show_bytes(valp, 3); /* C. */
/* $end simple-show-b */
}

void float_eg() {
 int x = 3490593;
 float f = (float) x;
 printf("For x = %d\n", x);
 show_int(x);
 show_float(f);
 x = 3510593;
 f = (float) x;
 printf("For x = %d\n", x);
 show_int(x);
 show_float(f);
}

void string_ueg() {
/* $begin show-ustring */
const char *s = "ABCDEF";
show_bytes((byte_pointer) s, strlen(s)); 
/* $end show-ustring */
}

void string_leg() {
/* $begin show-lstring */
const char *s = "abcdef";
show_bytes((byte_pointer) s, strlen(s)); 
/* $end show-lstring */
}

void show_twocomp() 
{
/* $begin show-twocomp */
   short x = 12345; 
   short mx = -x; 
   show_bytes((byte_pointer) &x, sizeof(short)); 
   show_bytes((byte_pointer) &mx, sizeof(short)); 
/* $end show-twocomp */
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   int val = 12345;
   if (argc > 1) {
       val = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 0);
   printf("calling test_show_bytes\n");
   test_show_bytes(val);
   } else {
   printf("calling show_twocomp\n");
   show_twocomp();
   printf("Calling simple_show_a\n");
   simple_show_a();
   printf("Calling simple_show_b\n");
   simple_show_b();
   printf("Calling float_eg\n");
   float_eg();
   printf("Calling string_ueg\n");
   string_ueg();
   printf("Calling string_leg\n");
   string_leg();
   }
   return 0;
}

运行结果

不带参数的运行结果（typedef unsigned char *byte_pointer)

/*
calling show_twocomp
0xbfa18b4c 0x39
0xbfa18b4d 0x30

0xbfa18b4e 0xc7
0xbfa18b4f 0xcf

Calling simple_show_a
0xbfa18b48 0x21

0xbfa18b48 0x21
0xbfa18b49 0x43

0xbfa18b48 0x21
0xbfa18b49 0x43
0xbfa18b4a 0x65

Calling simple_show_b
0xbfa18b48 0x78

0xbfa18b48 0x78
0xbfa18b49 0x56

0xbfa18b48 0x78
0xbfa18b49 0x56
0xbfa18b4a 0x34

Calling float_eg
For x = 3490593
0xbfa18b30 0x21
0xbfa18b31 0x43
0xbfa18b32 0x35
0xbfa18b33 0x00
0xbfa18b30 0x84
0xbfa18b31 0x0c
0xbfa18b32 0x55
0xbfa18b33 0x4a
For x = 3510593
0xbfa18b30 0x41
0xbfa18b31 0x91
0xbfa18b32 0x35
0xbfa18b33 0x00

0xbfa18b30 0x04
0xbfa18b31 0x45
0xbfa18b32 0x56
0xbfa18b33 0x4a

Calling string_ueg
0x8048940 0x41
0x8048941 0x42
0x8048942 0x43
0x8048943 0x44
0x8048944 0x45
0x8048945 0x46

Calling string_leg
0x8048947 0x61
0x8048948 0x62
0x8048949 0x63
0x804894a 0x64
0x804894b 0x65
0x804894c 0x66

带参数的运行结果

gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/share/csapp_code$ ./a.out 1073741824
calling test_show_bytes
Stack variable ival = 1073741824
(int)ival:
0xbfd40020 0x00
0xbfd40021 0x00
0xbfd40022 0x00
0xbfd40023 0x40

(float)ival:
0xbfd40020 0x00
0xbfd40021 0x00
0xbfd40022 0x80
0xbfd40023 0x4e

&ival:
0xbfd40020 0x34
0xbfd40021 0x00
0xbfd40022 0xd4
0xbfd40023 0xbf
*/

/*改为：typedef int *byte_pointer的结果
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/share/csapp_code$ ./a.out 1073741824
calling test_show_bytes
Stack variable ival = 1073741824

(int)ival:
0xbfae9b90 0x40000000
0xbfae9b94 0x40000000
0xbfae9b98 0x40000000
0xbfae9b9c 0xb7521940

(float)ival:
0xbfae9b90 0x4e800000
0xbfae9b94 0x40000000
0xbfae9b98 0x40000000
0xbfae9b9c 0x4e800000

&ival:
0xbfae9b90 0xbfae9ba0
0xbfae9b94 0x40000000
0xbfae9b98 0x40000000
0xbfae9b9c 0x4e800000

改为：typedef char *byte_pointer的结果
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/share/csapp_code$ ./a.out 1073741824
calling test_show_bytes
Stack variable ival = 1073741824

(int)ival:
0xbfbe3150 0x00
0xbfbe3151 0x00
0xbfbe3152 0x00
0xbfbe3153 0x40

(float)ival:
0xbfbe3150 0x00
0xbfbe3151 0x00
0xbfbe3152 0xffffff80
0xbfbe3153 0x4e

&ival:
0xbfbe3150 0x60
0xbfbe3151 0x31
0xbfbe3152 0xffffffbe
0xbfbe3153 0xffffffbf
*/

/*calling test_show_bytes
Stack variable ival = 15213
(int)ival:
0x7fff2b9ed9cc 0x6d
0x7fff2b9ed9cd 0x3b
0x7fff2b9ed9ce 0x00
0x7fff2b9ed9cf 0x00

(float)ival:
0x7fff2b9ed9cc 0x00
0x7fff2b9ed9cd 0xb4
0x7fff2b9ed9ce 0x6d
0x7fff2b9ed9cf 0x46

&ival:
0x7fff2b9ed9c8 0xfc
0x7fff2b9ed9c9 0xd9
0x7fff2b9ed9ca 0x9e
0x7fff2b9ed9cb 0x2b
0x7fff2b9ed9cc 0xff
0x7fff2b9ed9cd 0x7f
0x7fff2b9ed9ce 0x00
0x7fff2b9ed9cf 0x00
*/

代码解释

本段代码是用来测试各个类型的数据在机器内部存储所占的字节数，在每个字节李存储的数据和机器的存储方式是大端模式还是小端模式。

Calling simple_show_a
0xbfa18b48 0x21

0xbfa18b48 0x21
0xbfa18b49 0x43

0xbfa18b48 0x21
0xbfa18b49 0x43
0xbfa18b4a 0x65

Calling simple_show_b
0xbfa18b48 0x78

0xbfa18b48 0x78
0xbfa18b49 0x56

0xbfa18b48 0x78
0xbfa18b49 0x56
0xbfa18b4a 0x34

很显然运行结果中第一个低位的21对应0xbfa18b48，第二个低位的78对应低地址0xbfa18b48，根据小端模式是“低对低，高对高”，所以此机器的存储方式是小端的。

结论

不同机器的存储方式有大端模式和小端模式，而且我使用的机器是采用小端模式存储的，还有从int转换成float，不会溢出，但可能发生舍入；从int或float转换为double时，不会溢出；从float转换为int时，会向零舍入，这些都是值得注意的地方。