Pandas_2：Pandas中DataFrame类

import pandas as pd

pd.DataFrame( )

• 表示矩阵数据表，是已排序的列的集合
• 每一列的值的类型可以不同

使用字典创建DataFrame

data = {'state': ['Ohio', 'Ohio', 'Ohio', 'Nevada', 'Nevada', 'Nevada'],
        'year': [2000, 2001, 2002, 2001, 2002, 2003],
        'popu': [1.5, 1.7, 3.6, 2.4, 2.9, 3.2]
       }

会自动为Series分配索引

frame = pd.DataFrame(data)
frame

	state	year	popu
0	Ohio	2000	1.5
1	Ohio	2001	1.7
2	Ohio	2002	3.6
3	Nevada	2001	2.4
4	Nevada	2002	2.9
5	Nevada	2003	3.2

head()会只展示前5行

frame.head()

	state	year	popu
0	Ohio	2000	1.5
1	Ohio	2001	1.7
2	Ohio	2002	3.6
3	Nevada	2001	2.4
4	Nevada	2002	2.9

在创建的时候，可以指定列的顺序

pd.DataFrame(data, columns = ['year', 'state', 'popu']).head()

	year	state	popu
0	2000	Ohio	1.5
1	2001	Ohio	1.7
2	2002	Ohio	3.6
3	2001	Nevada	2.4
4	2002	Nevada	2.9

• 到这里可以指定，index是指行的名字，及索引， 而columns指列名，后续会表示属性的名称
• 传入的columns不在字典里，会以缺失值出现
• 可见，当columns多出来一列，就会补充Na，但多出一行index就不可以，按照真实数据来说，多出一个样本很奇怪但多出一个属性则是一般操作

frame2 = pd.DataFrame(data, columns = ['year', 'state', 'popu', 'debt'], index = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six'])

frame2.columns

Index(['year', 'state', 'popu', 'debt'], dtype='object')

DataFrame的属性，可以按照字典那样索引，也可以按照属性.操作

frame2['state']

one        Ohio
two        Ohio
three      Ohio
four     Nevada
five     Nevada
six      Nevada
Name: state, dtype: object

frame2.year

one      2000
two      2001
three    2002
four     2001
five     2002
six      2003
Name: year, dtype: int64

如果想取一行，使用.loc

frame2

	year	state	popu	debt
one	2000	Ohio	1.5	NaN
two	2001	Ohio	1.7	NaN
three	2002	Ohio	3.6	NaN
four	2001	Nevada	2.4	NaN
five	2002	Nevada	2.9	NaN
six	2003	Nevada	3.2	NaN

可以修改行，可以看到这个会自适应类型

frame2.loc['three'] = 1
frame2

	year	state	popu	debt
one	2000	Ohio	1.5	NaN
two	2001	Ohio	1.7	NaN
three	1	1	1.0	1
four	2001	Nevada	2.4	NaN
five	2002	Nevada	2.9	NaN
six	2003	Nevada	3.2	NaN

frame2.loc['three'] = [2002, 'Ohio', 3.6, 'NaN']
frame2

	year	state	popu	debt
one	2000	Ohio	1.5	NaN
two	2001	Ohio	1.7	NaN
three	2002	Ohio	3.6	NaN
four	2001	Nevada	2.4	NaN
five	2002	Nevada	2.9	NaN
six	2003	Nevada	3.2	NaN

也可以修改列

frame2.debt = 16.5
frame2

	year	state	popu	debt
one	2000	Ohio	1.5	16.5
two	2001	Ohio	1.7	16.5
three	2002	Ohio	3.6	16.5
four	2001	Nevada	2.4	16.5
five	2002	Nevada	2.9	16.5
six	2003	Nevada	3.2	16.5

当把数组赋给一列的时候，需要长度一样

import numpy as np

frame2['debt'] = np.arange(6.)
frame2

	year	state	popu	debt
one	2000	Ohio	1.5	0.0
two	2001	Ohio	1.7	1.0
three	2002	Ohio	3.6	2.0
four	2001	Nevada	2.4	3.0
five	2002	Nevada	2.9	4.0
six	2003	Nevada	3.2	5.0

也可以把Series对象赋给DataFrame的一列，Series的索引会按照DataFrame的索引重新排列

val = pd.Series([-1.2, -1.5, -1.7], index = ['two', 'four', 'five'])
frame2.debt = val
frame2

	year	state	popu	debt
one	2000	Ohio	1.5	NaN
two	2001	Ohio	1.7	-1.2
three	2002	Ohio	3.6	NaN
four	2001	Nevada	2.4	-1.5
five	2002	Nevada	2.9	-1.7
six	2003	Nevada	3.2	NaN

若被赋值的列不存在，就会生成一个新的列，可以像字典那样使用del删除列

对于创建，.操作即.eastern = 不能创建新的列

对于删除，也不可以使用.操作

frame2['eastern'] = frame2.state == 'Ohio'
frame2

	year	state	popu	debt	eastern
one	2000	Ohio	1.5	NaN	True
two	2001	Ohio	1.7	-1.2	True
three	2002	Ohio	3.6	NaN	True
four	2001	Nevada	2.4	-1.5	False
five	2002	Nevada	2.9	-1.7	False
six	2003	Nevada	3.2	NaN	False

del frame2['eastern']

print(frame2.columns)
print(frame2.index)

Index(['year', 'state', 'popu', 'debt'], dtype='object')
Index(['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six'], dtype='object')

注意：从DataFrame选取的Series列是视图，即改变了，就真的变了，想拷贝需要.copy()来显示的拷贝

使用字典套字典的方法创建DataFrame

pop = {'Nevada':{2001:2.4, 2002:2.9},
       'Ohio':{2000:1.5, 2001:1.7, 2002:3.6}}
pop

{'Nevada': {2001: 2.4, 2002: 2.9}, 'Ohio': {2000: 1.5, 2001: 1.7, 2002: 3.6}}

frame3 = pd.DataFrame(pop)
frame3

	Nevada	Ohio
2001	2.4	1.7
2002	2.9	3.6
2000	NaN	1.5

使用numpy里的转置来操作DataFrame

frame3.T

	2001	2002	2000
Nevada	2.4	2.9	NaN
Ohio	1.7	3.6	1.5

自适应dataframe对索引

pd.DataFrame(pop, index = [2001, 2002, 2003])

	Nevada	Ohio
2001	2.4	1.7
2002	2.9	3.6
2003	NaN	NaN

包含Series的字典也可以用来制作Dataframe

pdata = {'Ohio':frame3['Ohio'][:-1], 'Nevada':frame3['Nevada'][:-1]}
pdata

{'Ohio': 2001    1.7
 2002    3.6
 Name: Ohio, dtype: float64,
 'Nevada': 2001    2.4
 2002    2.9
 Name: Nevada, dtype: float64}

pd.DataFrame(pdata)

	Ohio	Nevada
2001	1.7	2.4
2002	3.6	2.9

若索引和列有name属性，那么也会显示

frame3.index.name = 'year'
frame3.columns.name = 'state'
frame3

state	Nevada	Ohio
year
2001	2.4	1.7
2002	2.9	3.6
2000	NaN	1.5

frame3.values

array([[2.4, 1.7],
       [2.9, 3.6],
       [nan, 1.5]])

索引对象——pd.Index( )

• 索引对象不可变，不能frame2.index[1] = ??

labels = pd.Index(np.arange(3))
labels

Int64Index([0, 1, 2], dtype='int64')

obj2 = pd.Series([1.5, -2.5, 0], index = labels)
obj2

0    1.5
1   -2.5
2    0.0
dtype: float64

'php' in frame3.columns

False

2001 in frame3.index

True

Pandas的索引可以包括重复值

• 根据重复的索引进而选取的值，可以一次性选取全部该索引下的值

labels1 = pd.Index(['dawn', 'dawn', 'lby'])
labels1

Index(['dawn', 'dawn', 'lby'], dtype='object')

一些索引对象的常用方法

方法	描述
append	将额外索引对象粘贴到原索引，产生一个新索引
difference	计算两个索引差集
intersection	计算两个索引交集
union	计算两个索引并集
isin	某个索引是否在另一个索引中
delete	将位置i的元素删除，并产生新索引
drop	根据传参，删除指定索引值
insert	在位置i插入元素
is_monotonic	若索引序列递增，就返回True
is_unique	若索引序列唯一，就返回True
unique	计算索引的唯一值序列，去重

# append
labels = labels.append(labels1)
labels

Index([0, 1, 2, 'dawn', 'dawn', 'lby'], dtype='object')

# isin
labels1.isin(labels1)

array([ True,  True,  True])

# delete
labels = labels.delete(3)
labels

Index([0, 1, 2, 'dawn', 'lby'], dtype='object')

labels = labels.append(pd.Index(['22', '33']))
labels

Index([0, 1, 2, 'dawn', 'lby', '22', '33'], dtype='object')

# drop
labels = labels.drop('22')
labels

Index([0, 1, 2, 'dawn', 'lby', '33'], dtype='object')

labels.is_monotonic_increasing

False

labels.is_monotonic_decreasing

False

labels.is_unique

True

labels.unique()

Index([0, 1, 2, 'lby', '33'], dtype='object')