初探自动化测试框架（python）第一章——selenium二次封装

你的输入习惯决定你的封装方式

QUESTION1：必须对原有selenium进行二次封装吗？

• 其实不是必然的，selenium有肥肠庞大的功能操作群，我们进行二次封装时，大概率的会遗忘掉某些功能，不常用但是至关重要。比如：driver.find_element_by_id(value1).find_element_by_id(value2).click(),如果你愿意这个链子你可以写的更长。显而易见的是你肯定不会封装这种无限期的函数，于是某一天的清晨你突发奇想找到了方法，用封装的ELEMENT（）和CLICK（）函数曲线救国：ELEMENT（）.CLICK()，恭喜你，你可以去验证你的成果了。
• 所以封装就没有必要了吗？我总是不习惯于每次的find_element_by_id相关输入，太长了有木有！尤其是每次改ID,NAME,XAPATH的时候很麻烦的有木有。所以痛定思痛，我还是对selenium下手了。

QUESTION2:如何封装才能更便于使用呢？

• 最初的版本封装的非常简陋，以至于每次遇到问题的时候都要去完善之前的版本，包括iframe,链式，JS操作等等。所以最重要的一条是***尽量完善你的封装类***让他包罗万象，足以处理你将面临的绝大部分问题。接下来你会问，不便于封装的方法怎么办？
• 我想到的答案是将操作浏览器的方法单独封装，然后作为参数传入到你的Basic（）中，即你二次封装selenium类。如此一来的问题就是，每次实例化的时候，你都需要进行2布，首先实例化browser（）并将其当作参数传入到Basic（）中，曲线救国。
• 其次加入一些异常处理，比如抛出未找到元素的异常等等。
• 只能等待，你值得拥有！

一下是我封装的一些方法，仅供参考。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

def browser(browser = None):
    if browser == 'ie':
        driver = webdriver.Edge(EDGE_PATH)
    elif browser == 'firefox':
        driver = webdriver.Firefox(FIRFOX_PATH)
    elif browser == 'opera':
        driver = webdriver.Opera(OPERA_PATH)
    else:
        driver = webdriver.Chrome(CHROME_PATH)
    return driver


class Basic():
    def __init__(self,driver):
        self.driver = driver

    def open(self, url, time=15):
        """最大化打开网页"""
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(time)
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.driver.get(url)

    def element(self, type, value, timeout=10):
        """定位元素"""
        try:
            if type == 'xpath':
                element = WebDriverWait(
                    self.driver, timeout, 1).until(
                    EC.presence_of_element_located(
                        (By.XPATH, value)))
                return element
            elif type == 'id':
                element = WebDriverWait(
                    self.driver, timeout, 1).until(
                    EC.presence_of_element_located(
                        (By.ID, value)))
                return element
            elif type == 'name':
                element = WebDriverWait(
                    self.driver, timeout, 1).until(
                    EC.presence_of_element_located(
                        (By.NAME, value)))
                return element
            elif type == 'class':
                element = WebDriverWait(
                    self.driver, timeout, 1).until(
                    EC.presence_of_element_located(
                        (By.CLASS_NAME, value)))
                return element
            elif type == 'link':
                element = WebDriverWait(
                    self.driver, timeout, 1).until(
                    EC.presence_of_element_located(
                        (By.LINK_TEXT, value)))
                return element
            elif type == 'css':
                element = WebDriverWait(
                    self.driver, timeout, 1).until(
                    EC.presence_of_element_located(
                        (By.CSS_SELECTOR, value)))
                return element
        except BaseException:
            print("%s 页面未找到元素 %s" % (self, value))

    def elements(self, type, value, timeout=10):
        """定位一组元素"""
        try:
            if type == 'xpath':
                elements = WebDriverWait(
                    self.driver, timeout, 1).until(
                    EC.presence_of_all_elements_located(
                        (By.XPATH, value)))
                return elements
            elif type == 'id':
                elements = WebDriverWait(
                    self.driver, timeout, 1).until(
                    EC.presence_of_all_elements_located(
                        (By.ID, value)))
                return elements
            elif type == 'name':
                elements = WebDriverWait(
                    self.driver, timeout, 1).until(
                    EC.presence_of_all_elements_located(
                        (By.NAME, value)))
                return elements
            elif type == 'class':
                elements = WebDriverWait(
                    self.driver, timeout, 1).until(
                    EC.presence_of_all_elements_located(
                        (By.CLASS_NAME, value)))
                return elements
            elif type == 'link':
                elements = WebDriverWait(
                    self.driver, timeout, 1).until(
                    EC.presence_of_all_elements_located(
                        (By.LINK_TEXT, value)))
                return elements
            elif type == 'css':
                elements = WebDriverWait(
                    self.driver, timeout, 1).until(
                    EC.presence_of_all_elements_located(
                        (By.CSS_SELECTOR, value)))
                return elements
        except BaseException:
            print("%s 页面未找到元素 %s" % (self, value))

    def clear(self, type, value):
        """清除文本框"""
        element = self.element(type, value)
        element.clear()

    def text(self, type, value):
        """获取文本内容"""
        element = self.element(type, value)
        return element.text

    def get_attribute(self, type, value, name):
        """获得属性"""
        element = self.element(type, value)
        return element.get_attribute(name)

    def location(self, type, value):
        """获得元素坐标"""
        element = self.element(type, value)
        return element.location

    def size(self, type, value):
        """获取元素尺寸"""
        element = self.element(type, value)
        return element.size

    def save_screenshot(self, filename):
        """截图"""
        self.driver.save_screenshot(filename)

    def current_url(self):
        """获取当前URL"""
        return self.driver.current_url

    def title(self):
        """获取当前title"""
        return self.driver.title

    def quit(self):
        """关闭浏览器"""
        return self.driver.quit()

    def close(self):
        """关闭窗口"""
        return self.driver.close()

    def forward(self):
        """前进"""
        return self.driver.forward()

    def back(self):
        """后退"""
        return self.driver.back()

    def refresh(self):
        """刷新"""
        return self.driver.refresh()

    def click(self, type, value):
        """单击"""
        element = self.element(type, value)
        element.click()

    def input(self, type, value, text):
        """清除输入框内容并发送文本"""
        element = self.element(type, value)
        # element.clear()
        element.send_keys(text)

    def space(self, type, value):
        element = self.element(type, value)
        element.send_keys(Keys.SPACE)

    def esc(self, type, value):
        element = self.element(type, value)
        element.send_keys(Keys.ESCAPE)

    def enter(self, type, value):
        element = self.element(type, value)
        element.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

    def jump(self):
        """页面跳转"""
        old_handle = self.driver.current_window_handle
        handles = self.driver.window_handles
        for handle in handles:
            if handle != old_handle:
                self.driver.switch_to.window(handle)