ES6 数组对象的基本操作

ES6 数组对象的基本操作

1. 去重

var fruits = [“banana”, “apple”, “orange”, “watermelon”, “apple”, “orange”, “grape”, “apple”];
// 方法一
var uniqueFruits = Array.from(new Set(fruits));
console.log(uniqueFruits); // returns [“banana”, “apple”, “orange”, “watermelon”, “grape”]
// 方法二
var uniqueFruits2 = […new Set(fruits)];
console.log(uniqueFruits2); // returns [“banana”, “apple”, “orange”, “watermelon”, “grape”]

2. 替换
   日常开发中经常需要替换或者删除一些指定的数据，遇到这种场景时一定要联想到 Array.protoType.splice 这个方法。传参时稍微复杂点:

第一个参数是开始的索引
第二个参数是需要删除的数量
剩下的就是需要添加的值可以是一个或者多个。

var fruits = [“banana”, “apple”, “orange”, “watermelon”, “apple”, “orange”, “grape”, “apple”];
fruits.splice(0, 2, “potato”, “tomato”);
console.log(fruits); // returns [“potato”, “tomato”, “orange”, “watermelon”, “apple”, “orange”, “grape”, “apple”]

3. 遍历数组

var friends = [
    { name: ‘John’, age: 22 },
    { name: ‘Peter’, age: 23 },
    { name: ‘Mark’, age: 24 },
    { name: ‘Maria’, age: 22 },
    { name: ‘Monica’, age: 21 },
    { name: ‘Martha’, age: 19 },
]
var friendsNames = Array.from(friends, ({name}) => name);
console.log(friendsNames); // returns [“John”, “Peter”, “Mark”, “Maria”, “Monica”, “Martha”]

4. 数组转换成对象

有时候需要将数组转换成对象的形式，使用.map()一类的迭代方法能达到目的，这里还有个更快的方法，前提是你正好希望对象的 key 就是数组的索引

var fruits = [“banana”, “apple”, “orange”, “watermelon”];
var fruitsObj = { …fruits };
console.log(fruitsObj); // returns {0: “banana”, 1: “apple”, 2: “orange”, 3: “watermelon”, 4: “apple”, 5: “orange”, 6: “grape”, 7: “apple”}

5. 填充数组

var newArray = new Array(10).fill(“1”);
console.log(newArray); // returns [“1”, “1”, “1”, “1”, “1”, “1”, “1”, “1”, “1”, “1”, “1”]

6. 合并数组

var fruits = [“apple”, “banana”, “orange”];
var meat = [“poultry”, “beef”, “fish”];
var vegetables = [“potato”, “tomato”, “cucumber”];
var food = […fruits, …meat, …vegetables];
console.log(food); // [“apple”, “banana”, “orange”, “poultry”, “beef”, “fish”, “potato”, “tomato”, “cucumber”]

7. 两个数组的交集

var numOne = [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 8];
var numTwo = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
var duplicatedValues = […new Set(numOne)].filter(item => numTwo.includes(item));
console.log(duplicatedValues); // returns [2, 4, 6]

8. 去除假值
   首先，我们熟悉下假值(falsy values)是什么？在 JS 中，假值有：false、0、’’、null、NaN、undefined。现在我们找到这些假值并将它们移除，这里使用的是.filter 方法

var mixedArr = [0, “blue”, “”, NaN, 9, true, undefined, “white”, false];
var trueArr = mixedArr.filter(Boolean);
console.log(trueArr); // returns [“blue”, 9, true, “white”]

9. 随机值
   从数组中获取随机的一个值，也是一道经典的面试题哦。其实考察的核心知识是随机生成一个值 x：x >= 0 并且 x < 数组的 length

var colors = [“blue”, “white”, “green”, “navy”, “pink”, “purple”, “orange”, “yellow”, “black”, “brown”];
var randomColor = colors[(Math.floor(Math.random() * (colors.length)))]

10. 倒序

var colors = [“blue”, “white”, “green”, “navy”, “pink”, “purple”, “orange”, “yellow”, “black”, “brown”];
var reversedColors = colors.reverse();
// 或者 colors.slice().reverse();
// 两者有啥区别？
console.log(reversedColors); // returns [“brown”, “black”, “yellow”, “orange”, “purple”, “pink”, “navy”, “green”, “white”, “blue”]

11. lastIndexOf()

var nums = [1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 5, 2, 3, 6, 5, 2, 7];
var lastIndex = nums.lastIndexOf(5);
console.log(lastIndex); // returns 9

12. 求和

var nums = [1, 5, 2, 6];
var sum = nums.reduce((x, y) => x + y);
console.log(sum); // returns 14