Java 网络编程 TCP UDP URL

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-14 23:12:09 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-14 23:12:09 发布

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文章标签： udp java tcp/ip url

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44405182/article/details/119922968

版权

本文详细介绍了使用TCP和UDP协议实现聊天和文件传输的Java代码示例，包括客户端和服务器端的实现。TCP实现中，展示了聊天功能和文件上传功能，而UDP则通过发送短信的方式展示其无连接特性。此外，还讲解了URL的作用和DNS域名解析。最后，通过多线程实现实时在线聊天，并给出了URL下载文件的示例。

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TCP

TCP实现聊天

客户端

package com.kuang.lesson02;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            //1.要知道服务器的地址，端口号
            InetAddress ServerIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port=9999;
            //2.传建一个socket链接
            socket = new Socket(ServerIP, port);
            //3.发送消息IO流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好，欢迎学习狂神说java".getBytes());

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(os!=null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

服务器

package com.kuang.lesson02;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;

        try {
            //1.我得有一个地址
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);

            //2.等待客户端链接过来
            socket = serverSocket.accept();
            //3.读取客户端的消息
            is = socket.getInputStream();

            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }
            System.out.println(baos.toString());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (serverSocket != null) {
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                if (socket != null) {
                    try {
                        socket.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    if (is != null) {
                        try {
                            is.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        if (baos != null) {
                            try {
                                baos.close();
                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

TCP实现文件上传

服务器端

package com.kuang.lesson02;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        //2.监听客户端的链接
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听，会一直等待客户端连接
        //3.获取输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();

        //4.文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;

        while((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        //通知客户端我接收完毕了
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接收完毕了，你可以断开了".getBytes().);



        //5.关闭资源
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

客户端

package com.kuang.lesson02;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.创建一个socket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
        //2.创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //3.文件流读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("1.jpg"));
        //4.写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len = fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //通知服务器，我已经结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput();


        //确定服务器接收完毕，才能断开连接
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
        int len2;
        while((len=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
            baos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());

        //5.关闭资源
        baos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();

    }
}

UDP

发短信：不用连接，需要知道对方的地址

发送消息

package com.kuang.lesson03;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.建立一个Socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();

        //2.建个包
        String msg="你好啊，服务器!";
        //发送给谁
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9090;
        // 数据，数据的长度，要发送给谁
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, 9090);


        //3.发送包
        socket.send(packet);

        //4.关闭流
        socket.close();

    }
}

接收端

package com.kuang.lesson03;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //接收数据
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收

        socket.receive(packet);

        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));


        //关闭连接
        socket.close();
    }
}

循环发送消息

package com.kuang.chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);

        //准备数据：控制台读取System.in

        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        while (true){
            String data = reader.readLine();
            byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
            socket.send(packet);
            if("bye".equals(data)){
                break;
            }
        }


        socket.close();
    }
}

循环接收消息

package com.kuang.chat;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);


        while (true){
            //准备接收包裹
            byte[] container = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0, container.length);
            socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹

            //断开连接 byebye
            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);

            System.out.println(receiveData.trim());

            if("bye".equals(receiveData)){
                break;
            }

        }
        socket.close();

    }
}

**在线咨询：两个人都可以是发送方，也都可以是接收方！**多线程实现！

发送类：

package com.kuang.chat;


import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;

    private int fromPort;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;

    public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;

        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            //准备数据：控制台读取System.in
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while (true){
            try{
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));

                socket.send(packet);
                if("bye".equals(data)){
                    break;
                }
            }catch(Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收类：

package com.kuang.chat;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{

    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;

    public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while (true){
            try {
                //准备接收包裹
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0, container.length);
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹

                //断开连接 byebye
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);

                System.out.println(msgFrom+"："+receiveData.trim());

                if("bye".equals(receiveData)){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        socket.close();
    }

}

老师和学生端：

package com.kuang.chat;

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();

    }
}

package com.kuang.chat;

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
    }
}

就实现了！

URL

https://www.csdn.net/

统一资源定位符：定位资源的，定位互联网上的某一个资源

DNS域名解析 www.baidu.com xx.xxx.x.x

协议：//ip地址:端口号/项目名/资源

package com.kuang.lesson04;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

public class UrlDown {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.下载地址
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/chenhong/Security.txt");

        //2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();

        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("Security.txt");

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;

        while ((len = inputStream.read())!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();
    }
}

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Java 网络编程 TCP UDP URL

TCPTCP实现聊天客户端package com.kuang.lesson02;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.net.InetAddress;import java.net.Socket;//客户端public class TcpClientDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { Socket soc
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