python wrapper装饰器

参考

心得:func看做一个函数形参变量,然后定义wrapper函数对func进行装饰后返回func().在调用debug函数时func函数具体化,比如叫func1,wrapper函数的定义中的func也具体化为func1,返回wrapper,这个wrapper是对前面的wrapper函数的具体化的实例,其func已经实例化为func1.

将 @debug 放在say_hello() 前面，相当于在原say_hello函数的定义后面执行了
say_hello = debug(say_hello)
由于debug()是一个装饰器，返回了wrapper函数，所以原来的say_hello()依然存在，只是现在同名的now变量指向了新的函数，于是调用say_hello()将执行新的函数，即在debug()函数中返回的wrapper()函数。

def debug(func):    #2
    def wrapper():  #3,8
        print('[DEBUG]: enter {}()'.format(func.__name__))  #9
        return func()   #10,13
    return wrapper  #4

@debug  #1,5,11
def say_hello():
    print('hello!') #12
"""
[DEBUG]: enter say_hello()
hello!
"""
if __name__ == "__main__":#6
    say_hello() #7,14
    
# 以上为解释器运行顺序   

带参数的装饰器：

def debug(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print('[DEBUG]: enter {}()'.format(func.__name__))
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper

@debug
def say_hello(name, something):
    print('hello!{}{}'.format(name, something))

say_hello('luozheng', '.')
"""
[DEBUG]: enter say_hello()
hello!luozheng.
"

高阶装饰器(附解释器解释顺序)：

def logging(level): #2,11
    def wrapper(func):  #3,6,12,15
        def inner_wrapper(*args, **kwargs): #7,16,21,31
            print('[{level}]: enter function {func}()'.format(  #22,32
                level=level,    #23,33
                func=func.__name__))    #24,34
            return func(*args, **kwargs)    #25,28,35,38
        return inner_wrapper    #8,17
    return wrapper  #4,13

@logging(level='INFO')  #1,5,9,26
def say(something):
    print('say {}!'.format(something))  #27

# 此处使用的@语法，等同于
# say = logging(level='INFO')(say)
@logging(level='DEBUG') #10,14,18,36
def do(something):
    print('do {}...'.format(something)) #37

if __name__ == '__main__':  #19
    say('hello')    #20,29
    do('my work')   #30,39

"""
[INFO]: enter function say()
say hello!
[DEBUG]: enter function do()
do my work...
"""

类装饰器：

class logging(object):  #1,4
    def __init__(self, level='INFO'):   #2,6
        self.level = level  #7

    def __call__(self, func):  # 接受函数,3,9
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):   #10,14
            print('[{level}]: enter function {func}()'.format(  #15
                level=self.level,   #16
                func=func.__name__))    #17
            func(*args, **kwargs)   #18,21

        return wrapper  # 返回函数,11

@logging(level='INFO')  #5,8,12,19
def say(something): #
    print('say {}'.format(something))   #20

say('love you.')    #13,22
print(say.__name__)  # wrapper,23