1. lamp简介
所谓lamp，其实就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一组动态网站或者服务器的开源软件，除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自独立的程序，但是因为经常被放在一起使用，拥有了越来越高的兼容度，共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。
LAMP指的是Linux（操作系统）、Apache（HTTP服务器）、MySQL（也指MariaDB，数据库软件）和PHP（有时也是指Perl或Python）的第一个字母，一般用来建立web应用平台。
2. web服务器工作流程
web服务器的资源分为两种，静态资源和动态资源
静态资源就是指静态内容，客户端从服务器获得的资源的表现形式与原文件相同。可以简单的理解为就是直接存储于文件系统中的资源.
动态资源则通常是程序文件，需要在服务器执行之后，将执行的结果返回给客户端
下图是web服务器如何执行程序并将结果返回给客户端：
阶段①显示的是httpd服务器（即apache）和php服务器通过FastCGI协议进行通信，且php作为独立的服务进程运行
阶段②显示的是php程序和mysql数据库间通过mysql协议进行通信。php与mysql本没有什么联系，但是由Php语言写成的程序可以与mysql进行数据交互。同理perl和python写的程序也可以与mysql数据库进行交互
2.1 cgi与fastcgi
CGI（Common Gateway Interface，通用网关接口），CGI是外部应用程序（CGI程序）与WEB服务器之间的接口标准，是在CGI程序和Web服务器之间传递信息的过程。CGI规范允许Web服务器执行外部程序，并将它们的输出发送给Web浏览器，CGI将web的一组简单的静态超媒体文档变成一个完整的新的交互式媒体。
FastCGI（Fast Common Gateway Interface）是CGI的改良版，CGI是通过启用一个解释器进程来处理每个请求，耗时且耗资源，而FastCGI则是通过master-worker形式来处理每个请求，即启动一个master主进程，然后根据配置启动几个worker进程，当请求进来时，master会从worker进程中选择一个去处理请求，这样就避免了重复的生成和杀死进程带来的频繁cpu上下文切换而导致耗时
3.lamp平台的搭建
环境
| 系统 | ip | 所需要的服务 |
|---|---|---|
| redhat | 192.168.56.128 | httpd-2.4、mysql-5.7、php、php-mysql |
3.1安装http
[root@localhost ~]# yum groups mark install 'Development Tools' //安装软件包
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd -r apache
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -g apache apache //创建用户和组
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
此处已提前安装好所需要的全部的包
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 debug kernels httpd-2.4.37.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]# yum -y install tar bzip2
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.6.5 apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2 apr-util-1.6.1 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 debug kernels
[root@localhost src]# cd apr-1.6.5
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# vim configure
# $RM "$cfgfile" //将此行删除此行
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# make && make install
...
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# cd /usr/src/apr-util-1.6.1
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
...
*接下来编译安装httpd
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.37.tar.bz2
[root@localhost ~]# cd httpd-2.4.37
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.37]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \
--enable-so \
--enable-ssl \
--enable-cgi \
--enable-rewrite \
--with-zlib \
--with-pcre \
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
--enable-modules=most \
--enable-mpms-shared=all \
--with-mpm=prefork
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.37]# make && make install
...
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man' >> /etc/man.config
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
然后取消ServerName前面的注释
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start
3.2 安装mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel
[root@localhost src]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
[root@localhost src]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g 306 -u 306 mysql
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.6.5 apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2 apr-util-1.6.1 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 debug kernels mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/
bin games lib libexec sbin src
etc include lib64 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 share
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
‘mysql’ -> ‘mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/’
[root@localhost local]# ll
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 36 Feb 20 16:00 mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql -d
lrwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 36 Feb 20 16:00 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql
bin COPYING docs include lib man README share support-files
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@localhost mysql]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Feb 20 16:54 data
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
...
[Note] A temporary password is generatedfor root@localhost: sjYPJyxm#8ne
[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
‘/usr/local/include/mysql’ -> ‘/usr/local/mysql/include/’
[root@localhost ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig -v
...
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig -p |grep mysql
libmysqlclient.so.20 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.20
libmysqlclient.so.18 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.18
libmysqlclient.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so
libmysqlclient.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
>[mysqld]
>basedir = /usr/local/mysql
>datadir = /opt/data
>socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
>port = 3306
>pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
>user = mysql
>skip-name-resolve
>EOF
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.22
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
//设置新密码
mysql> set password = password('pengsuran123!');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
4. 安装php
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel libpcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php72w-mysqlnd
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# tar xf php-7.2.8.tar.xz
[root@localhost src]# cd php-7.2.8
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif \
--enable-ftp \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-gettext \
--enable-json \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--enable-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# make -j $(cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor|wc -l)
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# make install
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# which php
/usr/local/php7/bin/php
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# php -v
PHP 7.2.8 (cli) (built: Feb 20 2019 16:27:30) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
pm.max_children = 50 //最多同时提供50个进程提供50个并发服务
pm.start_servers = 5 //启动时启动5个进程
pm.min_spare_servers = 2 //最小空闲进程数
pm.max_spare_servers = 8 //最大空闲进程数
[root@localhost ~]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:20048 *:*
LISTEN 0 64 *:32949 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:57597 *:*
LISTEN 0 64 *:2049 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::20048 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 64 :::34591 :::*
LISTEN 0 64 :::2049 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::44806 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef|grep php
root 59095 1 0 15:54 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nobody 59096 59095 0 15:54 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 59097 59095 0 15:54 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 59098 59095 0 15:54 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 59099 59095 0 15:54 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 59100 59095 0 15:54 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
root 59103 1384 0 15:55 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto php
5.配置apache
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/proxy_module/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/proxy_fcgi_module/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
搜索AddType，添加以下内容
# If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
#
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php //添加此行
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps //添加此行
在尾行添加
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/pengsuran.com"
ServerName www.pengsuran.com
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/pengsuran.com/$1
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/pengsuran.com">
Options none
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/apache/htdocs/pengsuran.com
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /usr/local/apache/htdocs/pengsuran.com/index.php <<EOF
> <?php
> phpinfo();
> ?>
> EOF
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/apache/htdocs/ -d
drwxr-xr-x. 3 apache apache 45 2月 20 16:24 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl stop
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:20048 *:*
LISTEN 0 64 *:32949 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:57597 *:*
LISTEN 0 64 *:2049 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::20048 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 64 :::34591 :::*
LISTEN 0 64 :::2049 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::44806 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
验证
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