文章目录
1. tomcat简介
Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会(Apache Software Foundation)的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目,由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成。由于有了Sun 的参与和支持,最新的Servlet 和JSP 规范总是能在Tomcat 中得到体现,Tomcat 5支持最新的Servlet 2.4 和JSP 2.0 规范。因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定,而且免费,因而深受Java 爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可,成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器。
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器,属于轻量级应用服务器,在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用,是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说,可以这样认为,当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器,可利用它响应HTML(标准通用标记语言下的一个应用)页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat是Apache 服务器的扩展,但运行时它是独立运行的,所以当你运行tomcat 时,它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的。
诀窍是,当配置正确时,Apache 为HTML页面服务,而Tomcat 实际上运行JSP 页面和Servlet。另外,Tomcat和IIS等Web服务器一样,具有处理HTML页面的功能,另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器,独立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默认模式。不过,Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Apache服务器。目前Tomcat最新版本为9.0。
tomcat应用场景:lnmt
2. tomcat项目部署
2.1java环境安装
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel
[root@localhost ~]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_201"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_201-b09)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.201-b09, mixed mode)
2.2tomcat部署
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src
[root@localhost src]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz debug kernels
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.16 bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
[root@localhost local]# ln -s apache-tomcat-9.0.16/ tomcat
[root@localhost local]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 220 3月 7 14:45 apache-tomcat-9.0.16
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 1月 8 19:10 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 src
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 3月 7 14:46 tomcat -> apache-tomcat-9.0.16/
[root@localhost ~]# vim index.jsp //写一个hello world的java页面
[root@localhost ~]# cat index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>test page</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("Hellow World");
%>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/psr
[root@localhost ~]# cp index.jsp /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/psr/
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/psr/
总用量 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 141 3月 7 14:49 index.jsp
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:20048 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 64 *:43704 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:40666 *:*
LISTEN 0 64 *:2049 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::20048 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::39610 :::*
LISTEN 0 64 :::40125 :::*
LISTEN 0 64 :::2049 :::*
LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::*
2.3tomcat管理
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# vim tomcat-users.xml
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<role rolename="manager-script"/>
<role rolename="manager-status"/>
<role rolename="manager-jmx"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui,manager-script.manager-status,manager-jmx"/>
</tomcat-users> //在这行上面添加如下内容
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager/META-INF/
[root@localhost META-INF]# vim context.xml
<Context antiResourceLocking="false" privileged="true" >
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1|192\.168\.\d+\.\d+" /> //修改这行内容
<Manager sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter="java\.lang\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)|org\.apache\.catalina\.filters\.CsrfPreventionFilter\$LruCache(?:\$1)?|java\.util\.(?:Linked)?HashMap"/>
</Context>
完成后重启服务验证下
[root@localhost conf]# ../bin/catalina.sh stop
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
[root@localhost conf]# ../bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@localhost conf]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:20048 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 64 *:43704 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:40666 *:*
LISTEN 0 64 *:2049 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::20048 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::39610 :::*
LISTEN 0 64 :::40125 :::*
LISTEN 0 64 :::2049 :::*
LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::*
3.结合nginx部署lnmt
环境 | 系统 | ip | 安装的服务 |
---|---|---|---|
服务端 | redhat7 | 192.168.56.128 | tomcat |
客户端 | centos7 | 192.168.56.129 | nginx、mysql |
3.1nginx安装
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y groups mark install 'Development Tools'
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/nginx
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/log/nginx
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# mv nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /usr/src/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# ls
debug kernels nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# tar xf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# cd nginx-1.12.0
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake make
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-debug \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_image_filter_module \
--with-http_gunzip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) && make install
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh //配置环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
[root@localhost ~]# nginx
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
3.2mysql的安装
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g 306 -u 306 mysql
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# mv mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz /usr/src/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
"mysql" -> "mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/"
[root@localhost local]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 3月 7 19:08 mysql -> mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 3月 7 19:07 mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 151 3月 7 17:13 nginx
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 12月 10 19:58 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 src
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost local]# ll /usr/local/mysql -d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 3月 7 19:08 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
[root@localhost local]# ls /usr/local/mysql
bin COPYING docs include lib man README share support-files
[root@localhost local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost local]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
[root@localhost local]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@localhost local]# ll /opt/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 3月 7 19:09 data
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
...
...
2019-03-07T11:10:46.163090Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: a%dY/#bkp2MA
[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
"/usr/local/include/mysql" -> "/usr/local/mysql/include/"
[root@localhost ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
> [mysqld]
> basedir = /usr/local/mysql
> datadir = /opt/data
> socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
> port = 3306
> pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
> user = mysql
> skip-name-resolve
> EOF
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig -v
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
mysql> set password = password('pengsuran123!');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
3.3nginx配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
upstream web {
server 192.168.56.128:8080; //负载均衡
}
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://web; //反向代理,tomcat支持动态访问,静态交给nginx访问
}
验证: