PyQt5 + QtDesigner 复刻 Windows 计算器 (二)

目标

画一个 <standard> 计算器草稿，并实现相关的基本功能

QtDesigner 画 <standard> 草稿 UI

用 QtDesigner 打开 calculator.ui，先在主窗口中插入 24 个 Pushbutton

 将 Pushbutton 上的 text 分别改名，同时按照功能修改每个 button 对应的对象名字。

percentButton ceButton cButton delButton invButton squareButton sqrtButton devButton sevenButton eightButton nineButton mulButton fourButton fiveButton sixButton minusButton oneButton twoButton threeButton addButton revButton zeroButton dotButton equalButton

选中所有按钮，点击工具栏中的栅格布局。选中所有按钮，将 sizePolicy 中的 “垂直策略” 设置为 preferred。调整栅格到合适大小。

 再次拖拽 6 个 pushButton 到 mainWindow，分别命名为 mcButton, mrButton, maddButton, mminusButton, msButton, mlistButton。然后选中这 6 个按钮，点击工具栏中的水平布局，同时调整布局到合适大小。再次选中这 6 个按钮，将 QPushbutton 属性设置为 Flat。

将 mainWindow 的 menubar 和 statusbar 删除

 在 mainWindow 中插入三个 pushButton 和一个 label。并用同样的方法设置水平布局。

 控件名称分别命名为 menuButton, modeLabel, topButton, historyButton。同时在 top 和 history 按钮中间插入一个 Horizontal Spacer。将以上 5 个控件的水平策略设置为 Fixed。同时调整 Horizontal Spacer 的长度到合适的数值。

在 mainWindow 中插入一个 lineEdit，命名为 digitDisplay。再插入第二个 lineEdit，命名为 digitUpDisplay：

在 mainWindow 中插入一个 QStackedWidget，并将 第一个 page 命名为 pageStd，第二个 page 命名为 pageProg。这一步是为了方便实现计算器切换 standard / programmer 模式。将刚刚画好的 standard 相关的视图拖拽到 pageStd 中 (即 除了 menu 栏之外的组件)。

 点击 centralWidget，将其设置为垂直布局：

 选择 pageStd，将 Layout 中的所有 Margin 设置为0，将 layoutStretch 设置为 0,2,1,9：

选择 centralWidget，将 layoutStretch 改为 1,12:

 最后，将 mainWindow 最小 size 改为 470*700:

 现在 standard 计算器 UI 的草稿就完成了。生成 UI 对应的 py 文件并运行主程序：

pyuic5.exe -o ui_calculator.py calculator.ui

python ./calculator.py

 运行结果：

 功能实现放到下一篇吧.. UI 源码贴在下面。复制之后保存为 .ui 文件就可以用了。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
 <class>MainWindow</class>
 <widget class="QMainWindow" name="MainWindow">
  <property name="geometry">
   <rect>
    <x>0</x>
    <y>0</y>
    <width>470</width>
    <height>700</height>
   </rect>
  </property>
  <property name="sizePolicy">
   <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="Preferred">
    <horstretch>0</horstretch>
    <verstretch>0</verstretch>
   </sizepolicy>
  </property>
  <property name="minimumSize">
   <size>
    <width>470</width>
    <height>700</height>
   </size>
  </property>
  <property name="windowTitle">
   <string>MainWindow</string>
  </property>
  <widget class="QWidget" name="centralwidget">
   <property name="sizePolicy">
    <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="Fixed">
     <horstretch>0</horstretch>
     <verstretch>0</verstretch>
    </sizepolicy>
   </property>
   <property name="maximumSize">
    <size>
     <width>16777215</width>
     <height>16777215</height>
    </size>
   </property>
   <property name="layoutDirection">
    <enum>Qt::LeftToRight</enum>
   </property>
   <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout_2" stretch="1,12">
    <item>
     <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_2">
      <item>
       <widget class="QPushButton" name="menuButton">
        <property name="sizePolicy">
         <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="Minimum">
          <horstretch>0</horstretch>
          <verstretch>0</verstretch>
         </sizepolicy>
        </property>
        <property name="maximumSize">
         <size>
          <width>16777215</width>
          <height>40</height>
         </size>
        </property>
        <property name="text">
         <string>menu</string>
        </property>
       </widget>
      </item>
      <item>
       <widget class="QLabel" name="modeLabel">
        <property name="sizePolicy">
         <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="Minimum">
          <horstretch>0</horstretch>
          <verstretch>0</verstretch>
         </sizepolicy>
        </property>
        <property name="maximumSize">
         <size>
          <width>16777215</width>
          <height>40</height>
         </size>
        </property>
        <property name="text">
         <string>Standard</string>
        </property>
       </widget>
      </item>
      <item>
       <widget class="QPushButton" name="topButton">
        <property name="sizePolicy">
         <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="Minimum">
          <horstretch>0</horstretch>
          <verstretch>0</verstretch>
         </sizepolicy>
        </property>
        <property name="maximumSize">
         <size>
          <width>16777215</width>
          <height>40</height>
         </size>
        </property>
        <property name="text">
         <string>top</string>
        </property>
       </widget>
      </item>
      <item>
       <spacer name="horizontalSpacer">
        <property name="sizePolicy">
         <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="Minimum">
          <horstretch>0</horstretch>
          <verstretch>0</verstretch>
         </sizepolicy>
        </property>
        <property name="maximumSize">
         <size>
          <width>16777215</width>
          <height>40</height>
         </size>
        </property>
        <property name="orientation">
         <enum>Qt::Horizontal</enum>
        </property>
        <property name="sizeType">
         <enum>QSizePolicy::Preferred</enum>
        </property>
        <property name="sizeHint" stdset="0">
         <size>
          <width>400</width>
          <height>17</height>
         </size>
        </property>
       </spacer>
      </item>
      <item>
       <widget class="QPushButton" name="historyButton">
        <property name="sizePolicy">
         <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="Minimum">
          <horstretch>0</horstretch>
          <verstretch>0</verstretch>
         </sizepolicy>
        </property>
        <property name="maximumSize">
         <size>
          <width>16777215</width>
          <height>40</height>
         </size>
        </property>
        <property name="text">
         <string>history</string>
        </property>
       </widget>
      </item>
     </layout>
    </item>
    <item>
     <widget class="QStackedWidget" name="calcModeView">
      <property name="currentIndex">
       <number>0</number>
      </property>
      <widget class="QWidget" name="pageStd">
       <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout" stretch="0,2,1,9">
        <property name="spacing">
         <number>0</number>
        </property>
        <property name="leftMargin">
         <number>0</number>
        </property>
        <property name="topMargin">
         <number>0</number>
        </property>
        <property name="rightMargin">
         <number>0</number>
        </property>
        <property name="bottomMargin">
         <number>0</number>
        </property>
        <item>
         <widget class="QLineEdit" name="digitUpDisplay"/>
        </item>
        <item>
         <widget class="QLineEdit" name="digitDisplay">
          <property name="sizePolicy">
           <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
            <horstretch>0</horstretch>
            <verstretch>0</verstretch>
           </sizepolicy>
          </property>
         </widget>
        </item>
        <item>
         <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_3">
          <property name="spacing">
           <number>0</number>
          </property>
          <property name="sizeConstraint">
           <enum>QLayout::SetMinimumSize</enum>
          </property>
          <property name="leftMargin">
           <number>0</number>
          </property>
          <property name="topMargin">
           <number>9</number>
          </property>
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="mcButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="maximumSize">
             <size>
              <width>16777215</width>
              <height>16777215</height>
             </size>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>MC</string>
            </property>
            <property name="flat">
             <bool>true</bool>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="mrButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="maximumSize">
             <size>
              <width>16777215</width>
              <height>16777215</height>
             </size>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>MR</string>
            </property>
            <property name="flat">
             <bool>true</bool>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="maddButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="maximumSize">
             <size>
              <width>16777215</width>
              <height>16777215</height>
             </size>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>M+</string>
            </property>
            <property name="flat">
             <bool>true</bool>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="mminusButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="maximumSize">
             <size>
              <width>16777215</width>
              <height>16777215</height>
             </size>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>M-</string>
            </property>
            <property name="flat">
             <bool>true</bool>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="mlistButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="maximumSize">
             <size>
              <width>16777215</width>
              <height>16777215</height>
             </size>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>Mlist</string>
            </property>
            <property name="flat">
             <bool>true</bool>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item>
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="msButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="maximumSize">
             <size>
              <width>16777215</width>
              <height>16777215</height>
             </size>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>MS</string>
            </property>
            <property name="flat">
             <bool>true</bool>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
         </layout>
        </item>
        <item>
         <layout class="QGridLayout" name="gridLayout_2">
          <item row="0" column="1">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="ceButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>CE</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="3" column="1">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="fiveButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>5</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="2" column="1">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="eightButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>8</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="0" column="0">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="percentButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>%</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="2" column="0">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="sevenButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>7</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="3" column="2">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="sixButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>6</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="0" column="3">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="delButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>del</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="1" column="3">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="devButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>/</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="5" column="3">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="equalButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>=</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="3" column="3">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="minusButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>-</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="1" column="0">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="invButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>1/x</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="5" column="2">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="dotButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>.</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="4" column="1">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="twoButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>2</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="4" column="2">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="threeButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>3</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="2" column="3">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="mulButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>*</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="1" column="1">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="squareButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>x^2</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="2" column="2">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="nineButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>9</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="1" column="2">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="sqrtButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>sqrt(x)</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="5" column="0">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="revButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>+/-</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="0" column="2">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="cButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>C</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="5" column="1">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="zeroButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>0</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="4" column="0">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="oneButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>1</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="3" column="0">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="fourButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>4</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
          <item row="4" column="3">
           <widget class="QPushButton" name="addButton_2">
            <property name="sizePolicy">
             <sizepolicy hsizetype="Preferred" vsizetype="MinimumExpanding">
              <horstretch>0</horstretch>
              <verstretch>0</verstretch>
             </sizepolicy>
            </property>
            <property name="text">
             <string>+</string>
            </property>
           </widget>
          </item>
         </layout>
        </item>
       </layout>
      </widget>
      <widget class="QWidget" name="pageProg"/>
     </widget>
    </item>
   </layout>
  </widget>
 </widget>
 <resources/>
 <connections/>
</ui>