lamp

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-06 22:10:58 发布

白砂岩

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-06 22:10:58 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44466122/article/details/89355741

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Lamp

1.lamp简介

所谓lamp，其实就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一组动态网站或者服务器的开源软件，除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自独立的程序，但是因为经常被放在一起使用，拥有了越来越高的兼容度，共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。

2. web服务器工作流程

在这里插入图片描述
WEB服务器的工作
建立连接——接受一个客户端连接，或者如果不希望与这个客户端建立连接，就将其关闭。
接收请求——从网络中读取一条 HTTP 请求报文。
处理请求——对请求报文进行解释，并采取行动。
访问资源——访问报文中指定的资源。
构建响应——创建带有正确首部的 HTTP 响应报文。
发送响应——将响应回送给客户端。
记录事务处理过程——将与已完成事务有关的内容记录在一个日志文件中。

web服务器的资源分为两种，静态资源和动态资源
静态资源就是指静态内容，客户端从服务器获得的资源的表现形式与原文件相同。可以简单的理解为就是直接存储于文件系统中的资源
动态资源则通常是程序文件，需要在服务器执行之后，将执行的结果返回给客户端

根据访问资源的类型不同，如果访问的是动态资源，服务器会通过fastCGI协议转给php处理，如果需要进一步连接数据库，则再通过mysql协议连接数据库。

2.1 cgi与fastcgi

上图阶段①中提到了FastCGI，下面我们来了解下CGI与FastCGI。

CGI（Common Gateway Interface，通用网关接口），CGI是外部应用程序（CGI程序）与WEB服务器之间的接口标准，是在CGI程序和Web服务器之间传递信息的过程。CGI规范允许Web服务器执行外部程序，并将它们的输出发送给Web浏览器，CGI将web的一组简单的静态超媒体文档变成一个完整的新的交互式媒体。

FastCGI（Fast Common Gateway Interface）是CGI的改良版，CGI是通过启用一个解释器进程来处理每个请求，耗时且耗资源，而FastCGI则是通过master-worker形式来处理每个请求，即启动一个master主进程，然后根据配置启动几个worker进程，当请求进来时，master会从worker进程中选择一个去处理请求，这样就避免了重复的生成和杀死进程带来的频繁cpu上下文切换而导致耗时

2.2 httpd与php结合的方式

httpd与php结合的方式有以下三种：

modules：php将以httpd的扩展模块形式存在，需要加载动态资源时，httpd可以直接通过php模块来加工资源并返回给客户端
httpd prefork：libphp5.so（多进程模型的php）
httpd event or worker：libphp5-zts.so（线程模型的php）
CGI：httpd需要加载动态资源时，通过CGI与php解释器联系，获得php执行的结果，此时httpd负责与php连接的建立和断开等
FastCGI：利用php-fpm机制，启动为服务进程，php自行运行为一个服务，https通过socket与php通信
较于CGI方式，FastCGI更为常用，很少有人使用CGI方式来加载动态资源

3. lamp平台构建

LAMP的安装次序：httpd–>mysql–>php。注意php要求httpd使用prefork MPM

3.1 安装httpd

//安装开发工具包
[root@system1 yum.repos.d]# yum groups mark install 'Development Tools'Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Marked install: Development Tools
//创建apache服务的用户和组
[root@system1 yum.repos.d]# groupadd -r apache
[root@system1 yum.repos.d]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -g apache apache
[root@system1 yum.repos.d]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
//略

[root@system1 Desktop]# ls
apache apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 copy httpd-2.4.37.tar.bz2
[root@system1 Desktop]# tar xf apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2
[root@system1 Desktop]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[root@system1 Desktop]# cd apr-1.6.5/
[root@system1 apr-1.6.5]# ls
apr-config.in build-outputs.mk helpers misc strings
apr.dep CHANGES include mmap support
apr.dsp CMakeLists.txt libapr.dep network_io tables
apr.dsw config.layout libapr.dsp NOTICE test
apr.mak configure libapr.mak NWGNUmakefile threadproc
apr.pc.in configure.in libapr.rc passwd time
apr.spec docs LICENSE poll tools
atomic dso locks random user
build emacs-mode Makefile.in README
buildconf encoding Makefile.win README.cmake
build.conf file_io memory shmem
[root@system1 apr-1.6.5]# vim configure

  trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
  // $RM "$cfgfile"```//将此句注释或删去


[root@system1 apr-1.6.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr   //配置后略
[root@system1 apr-1.6.5]# make && make install     //编译后略

[root@system1 apr-1.6.5]# cd ..
[root@system1 Desktop]# cd apr-util-1.6.1/
[root@system1 apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@system1 apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install

### 3.2安装Mysql
//安装依赖包
[root@system1 Desktop]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel
Installing:
cmake                   x86_64           2.8.12.2-2.el7                 myrepo           7.0 M
mariadb-devel           x86_64           1:5.5.56-2.el7                 myrepo           752 k
ncurses-devel           x86_64           5.9-13.20130511.el7            myrepo           713 k
Installing for dependencies:
libarchive              x86_64           3.1.2-10.el7_2                 myrepo           319 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================================
Install  3 Packages (+1 Dependent package)

Total download size: 8.8 M
.....
Installed:
cmake.x86_64 0:2.8.12.2-2.el7                      mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7
ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-13.20130511.el7

Dependency Installed:
libarchive.x86_64 0:3.1.2-10.el7_2

Complete!

//创建用户和组
[root@system1 Desktop]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
[root@system1 Desktop]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g 306 -u 306 mysql

//下载二进制格式的mysql软件包
[root@system1 ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@system1 src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
--2018-08-13 23:56:27--  https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
Resolving downloads.mysql.com (downloads.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.14
Connecting to downloads.mysql.com (downloads.mysql.com)|137.254.60.14|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [following]
......
Saving to: ‘mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz’

100%[=====================================>] 643,790,848 2.46MB/s   in 4m 20s

2018-08-14 00:00:50 (2.36 MB/s) - ‘mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz’saved [643790848/643790848]

//解压软件至/usr/local/
[root@system1 src]# ls
debug  kernels  mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@system1 src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@system1 ~]# ls /usr/local/
bin  games    lib    libexec                              sbin   src
etc  include  lib64  mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  share
[root@system1 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@system1 local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
‘mysql’ -> ‘mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/’
[root@system1 local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root  36 Aug 14 16:00 mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x  9 root root 129 Aug 14 00:16 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root  49 Jun 13 19:03 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 src

//修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[root@system1 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@system1 ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql -d
lrwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 36 Aug 14 16:00 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/

//添加环境变量
[root@system1 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql
bin  COPYING  docs  include  lib  man  README  share  support-files
[root@system1 ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@system1 ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@system1 ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

//建立数据存放目录
[root@system1 mysql]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@system1 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@system1 mysql]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Aug 14 16:54 data

//初始化数据库
[root@system1 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
2018-08-15T07:57:46.168380Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-08-15T07:57:50.542516Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-08-15T07:57:50.927286Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-08-15T07:57:51.071260Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first 
//这个命令的最后会生成一个临时密码

//配置mysql
[root@system1 ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
‘/usr/local/include/mysql’ -> ‘/usr/local/mysql/include/’
[root@system1 ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@system1 ~]# ldconfig -v
ldconfig: Can't stat /libx32: No such file or directory
ldconfig: Path `/usr/lib' given more than once
ldconfig: Path `/usr/lib64' given more than once
ldconfig: Can't stat /usr/libx32: No such file or directory
/usr/lib64/mysql:
      libmysqlclient.so.18 -> libmysqlclient_r.so
/usr/local/mysql/lib:
      libmysqlclient.so.20 -> libmysqlclient.so.20.3.9 
......
/lib/sse2: (hwcap: 0x0000000004000000)
/lib64/sse2: (hwcap: 0x0000000004000000)
/lib64/tls: (hwcap: 0x8000000000000000)
[root@system1 ~]# ldconfig -p |grep mysql
      libmysqlclient.so.20 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.20
      libmysqlclient.so.18 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.18
      libmysqlclient.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so
      libmysqlclient.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so

//生成配置文件
[root@system1 ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
EOF

//配置服务启动脚本
[root@system1 ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@system1 ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@system1 ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld

//启动mysql
[root@system1 ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!  
[root@system1 ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port
LISTEN      0      128         *:22                      *:*
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                      *:*
LISTEN      0      128        :::22                     :::*
LISTEN      0      100       ::1:25                     :::*
LISTEN      0      80         :::3306                   :::* 

//修改密码

### 3.3安装php
[root@system1 ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@system1 ~]# rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
[root@system1 ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel  libpcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php72w-mysqlnd
#下载安装包略
[root@system1 ~]# tar xf php-7.2.8.tar.xz
[root@system1 ~]# cd php-7.2.8
[root@system1 ~]./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7  \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif  \
--enable-ftp \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-gettext \
--enable-json \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--enable-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix

[root@system1 ~]# make && make install
[root@system1 ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@system1 ~]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[root@system1 ~]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@system1 ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@system1 ~]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@system1 ~]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[root@system1 ~]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.back /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@system1 ~]# cat >> /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf <<EOF
> pm.max_children = 50
> pm.start_servers = 5
> pm.min_spare_servers = 2
> pm.max_spare_servers = 8
> EOF
[root@system1 ~]# service php-fpm start

### 3.4配置Apache
在apache httpd 2.4以后已经专门有一个模块针对FastCGI的实现，此模块为mod_proxy_fcgi.so，它其实是作为mod_proxy.so模块的扩展，因此，这两个模块都要加载，编辑httpd.conf文件，取消以下两行内容的注释:

LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so

[root@system1 ~]# cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@system1 htdocs]# ls
index.html
[root@system1 htdocs]# mkdir example.com
[root@system1 htdocs]# ll
总用量 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 2月  20 17:15 example.com
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 45 6月  12 2007 index.html
[root@system1 htdocs]# cd example.com/
[root@system1 example.com]# ls
[root@system1 example.com]# vim index.php
      <?php
 phpinfo();
      ?>
[root@system1 example.com]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@system1 example.com]# ll -d  /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
drwxr-xr-x. 3 apache apache 43 2月  20 17:15 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@system1 ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
最后添加：
<VirtualHost *:80>
  DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/example.com"
  ServerName www.example.com
  ProxyRequests Off
  ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/example.com/$1
  <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/example.com">
      Options none
      AllowOverride none
      Require all granted
  </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

[root@system1 ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
      搜索AddType添加后面两行：
      AddType application/x-compress .Z
  AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
  AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
  AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
[root@system1 ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
      搜索index.html并在前面添加index.php:
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html

重启apache服务
[root@system1 ~]# apachectl stop
[root@system1 ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q               Local Address:Port                              Peer Address:Port
LISTEN      0      128                              *:22                                           *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                      127.0.0.1:25                                           *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                      127.0.0.1:9000                                         *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                             :::22                                          :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                            ::1:25                                          :::*                  
LISTEN      0      80                              :::3306                                        :::*                  
[root@system1 ~]# apachectl start
[root@system1 ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q               Local Address:Port                              Peer Address:Port
LISTEN      0      128                              *:22                                           *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                      127.0.0.1:25                                           *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                      127.0.0.1:9000                                         *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                             :::80                                          :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                             :::22                                          :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                            ::1:25                                          :::*                  
LISTEN      0      80                              :::3306                                        :::*
关闭防火墙
[root@system1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@system1 ~]# setenforce 0

在这里插入图片描述

白砂岩

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lamp

Lamp1.lamp简介所谓lamp，其实就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一组动态网站或者服务器的开源软件，除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自独立的程序，但是因为经常被放在一起使用，拥有了越来越高的兼容度，共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。知名网站架构|| System | Server | Storage |Script...
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