bind

现今使用最为广泛的DNS服务器软件就是Bind(Berkeley Internet Name Domain Service)。Bind原本是美国DARPA资助伯克利大学(Berkeley)开设的一个研究生课题,后来经过多年的变化发展,已经成为世界上使用最为广泛的DNS服务器软件,现在最新的版本是9,由ISC(Internet Systems Consortium)编写和维护。

BIND支持现今绝大数的操作系统(Linux、UNIX、Mac、Windows), 本例使用的是红帽7.0的Linux操作系统

BIND服务器的名称称之为named

#安装bind
[root@ashen1 ~]# yum -y install bind*
#设成开机自启
[root@ashen1 ~]# systemctl enable named 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/named.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/named.service.

#BIND配置文件保存在两个主要位置:
/etc/named.conf # BIND服务主配置文件
/var/named/ # zone文件

配置一个域的主服务器需要以下几个步骤:

  1. 在bind的主配置文件中注释或修改
  2. 在/var/named/中创建该域的zone文件
  3. 添加资源记录文件,添加需要的信息
  4. 给zone文件相应的权限以及所属用户
  5. 启动bind服务
  6. 检测域信息是否正常
[root@ashen1 ~]# vim /etc/named.conf

options {
        listen-on port 53 { any; };   //监听任何IP对53端口的请求
        listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
        directory       "/var/named";
        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
        recursing-file  "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
        secroots-file   "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
        allow-query     { any; }; //接受任何来源查询DNS
      recursion yes;

#添加正向解析域
[root@ashen1 ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
#在最后添加想要设置的域
zone "lothric.com" IN {
    type master;
    file "lothric.com.zone";
};

[root@ashen1 ~]# cd /var/named/
[root@ashen1 named]# cp named.localhost lothric.com.zone
[root@ashen1 named]# vim lothric.com.zone 
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  lothric.com.   admin.lothric.com. (
                                        0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh #主从刷新时间
                                        1H      ; retry   #主从通讯失败的充实时间间>隔
                                        1W      ; expire  #缓存过期时间
                                        3H )    ; minimum #没有ttl定义时的最小生存时
间
        NS      www.lothric.com.
        NS      ftp.lothric.com.
        A       127.0.0.1
        AAAA    ::1
        MX   10 mx.lothric.com
www     IN      A       192.168.161.200
ttl     IN  A  192.168.161.200
ftp     IN  A  192.168.161.200
~                              
#添加反向解析域
[root@ashen1 named]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones  #注意反写网段

zone "161.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "161.168.192.zone";
};

[root@ashen1 named]# vim /var/named/161.168.192.zone 

$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  lothric.com. admin.lothric.com. (
                                        0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
        NS      ttl.lothric.com.
        A       127.0.0.1
        AAAA    ::1
88 IN PTR  lothric.com
88 IN PTR  www.lothric.com


#给zone权限
[root@ashen1 named]# chmod 755 lothric.com.zone 
[root@ashen1 named]# chmod 755 161.168.192.zone 
[root@ashen1 named]# chown named.named 161.168.192.zone
[root@ashen1 named]# chown named.named 161.168.192.zone

[root@ashen1 named]# systemctl start named

#配置检查
[root@ashen1 named]# named-checkzone "lothric.com" /var/named/lothric.com.zone 
zone lothric.com/IN: loaded serial 0
OK

开启另一台虚拟机,将其DNS设置为上面的主机地址

[root@bogon ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf 
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 192.168.161.200
[root@bogon ~]# nslookup 192.168.161.200
Server:		192.168.161.200
Address:	192.168.161.200#53

200.161.168.192.in-addr.arpa	name = www.lothric.com.161.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
200.161.168.192.in-addr.arpa	name = ftp.lothric.com.161.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
200.161.168.192.in-addr.arpa	name = mx.lothric.com.161.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
200.161.168.192.in-addr.arpa	name = lothric.com.161.168.192.in-addr.arpa.

[root@bogon ~]# nslookup www.lothric.com
Server:		192.168.161.200
Address:	192.168.161.200#53

Name:	www.lothric.com
Address: 192.168.161.200
DNS解析BIND 9(适用于WINDOWS桌面系统) 完全改进: Security Fixes Treat an all zero netmask as invalid when generating the localnets acl to workaround bug on Windows platform. [CVE-2013-6230] [RT #34687] Fix crashes when serving some NSEC3 signed zones. memcpy was incorrectly called with overlapping ranges, resulting in malformed names being generated on some platforms. This could cause INSIST failures. (CVE 2014-0591) [RT #35120] Features Changes Add the ability to specify ndots to "nslookup". [RT #34711] Introduce a new tool "dnssec-importkey" to allow externally-generated DNSKEY to be imported into the DNSKEY management framework. [RT #34698] Check that EDNS subnet client options are well formed. [RT #34718] "named" now preserves the capitalization of names when responding to queries. [RT #34737] Include a comment in .nzf files (used for adding new zones via "rndc"), giving the name of the associated view. [RT #34765] Use separate rate limiting queues for refresh and notify requests. [RT #30589] Adjust when a master server is deemed unreachable to be less aggressive. [RT #27075] Create delegations for all "children" of empty zones except "forward first". [RT #34826] Changed the name of "isc-config.sh" developers script (for outputting compiler and linker flags) to "bind9-config". [RT #23825] Add "dig" option to keep the TCP socket open between successive queries (+[no]keepopen). [RT #34918] Add dns_client_createx2() function to DNS Client API to provide a way to specify the local address for use when sending update packets. [RT #34811] "named-checkconf -z" now checks zones of type hint as well as master. [RT #35046] Update config.guess and config.sub to add support for ppc64le (powerpc 64-bit Little Endian). [RT #35060] Update the Windows build system to support feature selection and WIN64 builds. This is a work in progress. [RT #34160] Add "dnssec-signzone -Q" switch to drop signatures from keys that are still published but no longer active. [RT #34990] Add a more detailed "not found" message to "rndc" commands which specify a zone name. [RT #35059] named will now warn when a zone's configured "key-directory" does not exist or is not a directory. [RT #35108] Added improvements to statistics channel XSL stylesheet: the stylesheet can now be cached by the browser; section headers are omitted from the stats display when there is no data in those sections to be displayed; counters are now right-justified for easier readability. (Only available with ./configure --enable-newstats.) [RT #35117] "named-checkconf" can now obscure shared secrets when printing by specifying '-x'. [RT #34465] "named" can now accept integer timestamps in RRSIG records. [RT #35185] The export-library API call for loading "resolv.conf", irs_resconf_load(), has been modified to return ISC_R_FILENOTFOUND when the file does not exist and initializes the resconf structure as if the file had existed and configured with nameservers at the localhost addresses (127.0.0.1 and ::1). [RT #35194] Bug Fixes Treat type 65533 (KEYDATA) as opaque except when used in a key zone. [RT #34238] Fix "host" and "nslookup" so don't need dot after the domain by checking ndots when searching. Only continue searching on NXDOMAIN responses. [RT #34711] Handle changes to sig-validity-interval settings better. [RT #34625] Fix bug where journal filename string could be set incorrectly, causing garbage in log messages. [RT #34738] Address a race condition when shutting down a zone. [RT #34750] Address race condition with manual notify requests. [RT #34806] Fix nslookup crash where some readline clones don't accept NULL pointers when calling add_history. [RT #34842] Fix Linux compilation issue when libcap-devel is installed. [RT #34838] Fix installation on Solaris -- don't add explicit make dependencies/rules for python programs as make won't use the implicit rules. [RT #34835] Fix hanging server with inline-signed zones by addressing lock order reversal deadlock with inline zones. [RT #34856] Fix "host" failure if a UDP query timed out. [RT #34870] Address bugs in dns_rdata_fromstruct and dns_rdata_tostruct for WKS and ISDN types. [RT #34910] Updated OpenSSL PKCS#11 patches to fix active list locking and other bugs. [RT #34855] Fix a potential hang with failure to release lock on error in receive_secure_db. #34944] Fix cast in lex.c which could see 0xff treated as EOF. This fixes issue with potential bad data in a database used by DLZ or SDB. [RT #34993] Fix build issue on newer FreeBSD needing -lhx509 for GSSAPI build. [RT #35001] Address read after free in server side of lwres_getrrsetbyname. [RT #29075] Fix "nsupdate" memory leak if "realm" was used multiple times. [RT #35073] Fix "dig" for cleaning up TCP sockets still waiting on connect(). [RT #35074] Fix "dnssec-importkey" so imported key won't overwrite an existing non-imported private key. Fix issue where queries covered by a disabled Response Policy Zone (query type was '*') are answered with TTL of 0. [RT #35026] Fix "nsupdate" memory leak if "realm" was used multiple times. [RT #35073] Fix "dig" for cleaning up TCP sockets still waiting on connect(). [RT #35074] Fix issue with "rndc retransfer" with inline-signing replacing NSEC3 with NSEC records. [RT #34745] Fix issue with "rndc refresh" failing to sign slave zones using inline-signing. [RT #35105] Fix potential hang (detected by our inline-signing system test) with null pointer dereference in libdns zone_xfrdone. [RT #35042] Address bug in libdns loadnode function that could return a freed node on out of memory. [RT #35106] Fixed a bug causing an insecure delegation from one "static-stub" zone to another to fail with a broken trust chain. [RT #35081] Fixed problem where iterative responses could be discarded when the "query-source" port for an upstream query was the same as the listener port (53). [RT #34925] Fix crashes in RBTDB implementation. Two calls to dns_db_getoriginnode were fatal if there was no data at the node. [RT #35080] Fix a possible race and crash in the socket_search() function in dispatch.c. [RT #35107] Fix "dig" so it can handle AXFR style IXFR responses which span multiple messages. [RT #35137] Fix a "host" tool problem with converting UTF-8 textname to IDN encoding by handling "." as a search list element when IDN support is enabled. [RT #35133] Fix "queryperf" to prevent a possible integer overflow when printing results. [RT #35182] Prevent a theoretically possible race and crash when obtaining a socket in dispatch.c [RT #35128] Use built-in versions of strptime() and timegm() on all platforms to avoid portability issues. [RT #35183] Fix a bug which could cause a crash when running "rndc reconfig" or "rndc reload" after configuration is changed from regular zones to automatic empty zones. [RT #35177]
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