部分声纳波形模糊函数MATLAB仿真

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前言

本文仿真了CW、LFM、HFM、Bark二相编码、Costas频率编码信号的模糊函数，此外还利用模拟退火算法寻找N相编码的最优编码并绘制了其模糊函数。
模糊函数的计算和模拟退火算法有参考网络资源。

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程序介绍

1.模糊函数计算

代码如下：

close all; clear all; clc;

T = 0.26;
fs = 20e3;
fc = 1e3;
B = 1000;
t = 0:1/fs:T-1/fs;

type_index = 6; 
type_name = {'PCW', 'LFM', 'HFM', 'Bark', 'Costas', 'PolyPhase'};

switch type_index
    case 1
        % 1. pcw
        x = exp(1i*2*pi*fc*t);
        
    case 2
        % 2. lfm
        k = B/T;
        f0 = fc-B/2;
        x = exp(1i*2*pi*(f0*t+k/2*t.^2));
        
    case 3
        % 3. hfm
        f0 = fc+B/2;
        beta = B/f0/(fc-B/2)/T;
        x = exp(1i*2*pi/beta*log(1+beta*f0*t));
        
    case 4
        % 4.bark信号
        % 4. hfm + pcw
        %     f0 = fc+B/2;
        %     beta = B/f0/(fc-B/2)/T;
        %     x = sin(2*pi/beta*log(1+beta*f0*t)) + sin(2*pi*fc*t);
%         bark = [1,1,1,1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1,1];
        bark = (randi(2,1,100)-1)*2-1;
        Tbark = T/length(bark);
        tbark = 0:1/fs:Tbark-1/fs;
        s = zeros(1,length(bark)*length(tbark));
        for i = 1:length(bark)
            if bark(i) == 1
                s((i-1)*length(tbark)+1:i*length(tbark))=exp(1j*2*pi*fc*tbark);
            else
                s((i-1)*length(tbark)+1:i*length(tbark))=exp(1j*(2*pi*fc*tbark+pi));
            end
        end
        x = [s, zeros(1,length(t)-length(s))];
        
    case 5
        % 5.costas信号
        costas = [2,4,8,5,10,9,7,3,6,1];
        f = fc-B/2+(costas-1)*B/(length(costas)-1);
        Tcostas = T/length(costas);
        tcostas = 0:1/fs:Tcostas-1/fs;
        s = zeros(1,length(costas)*length(tcostas));
        for i = 1:length(costas)
            s((i-1)*length(tcostas)+1:i*length(tcostas)) = exp(1j*2*pi*f(i)*tcostas);
        end
        x = [s,zeros(1,length(t)-length(s))];
        
    case 6
        % 6.PolyPhase信号
        N = 20;
        M = 2;
        [route_best,Energy_best] = SA_TSP(N, M);
        Tsubpulse = T/N;
        k = B/Tsubpulse;
        tsubpulse = 0:1/fs: Tsubpulse-1/fs;
        s = zeros(1,N*length(tsubpulse));
        for i=1:N
            s((i-1)*length(tsubpulse)+1:i*length(tsubpulse)) = exp(1j*(2*pi*fc*tsubpulse+pi*k*tsubpulse.^2+route_best(i)/M*2*pi));
        end
        x = [s,zeros(1,length(t)-length(s))];
end

re_fs = 0.9*fs:2:1.1*fs;
alpha = re_fs/fs;       % Doppler ratio, alpha = 1-2*v/c
doppler = (1-alpha)*fc;	% Doppler = 2v/c*fc = (1-alpha)*fc

N_a = length( resample(x,fs,min(re_fs)) );
N = N_a + length(x)-1;
afmag = zeros(length(alpha),N);

tic
parfor i = 1:length(alpha)
    if ceil(length(x)/alpha(i)) ~= N_a
        x_alpha = [resample(x,fs,re_fs(i)),zeros(1, N_a-ceil(length(x)/alpha(i)))];
    else
        x_alpha = resample(x,fs,re_fs(i));
    end
    %     x_alpha = Doppler(x,1/re_fs(i),1/fs);
    x_temp = zeros(1,length(x_alpha));
    for j = 1:length(x_alpha)
        x_temp(j) = conj(x_alpha(length(x_alpha)-j+1));
    end
    %     disp(num2str(i))
    afmag_temp = conv(x_temp,x);
    M = length(afmag_temp);
    
    afmag(i,:) = afmag_temp*sqrt(alpha(i));
    
end
toc

delay = ([1:N]-N_a)/fs;

tau = 0.2;
fd = 100;
indext = find(delay>=-tau & delay<=tau);
indexf = find(doppler>=-fd & doppler<=fd);
delay1 = delay(indext);
doppler1 = doppler(indexf);

mag = abs(afmag);
mag = mag/max(max(mag));
% mag = 10*log10(mag);
mag1 = mag(:,indext);
mag1 = mag1(indexf,:);
[row,column] = find(mag1<-100);
mag1(row,column)=-60;

figure(1);
mesh(doppler1,delay1,mag1.');
% axis([-100,100,-tau,tau,-50,0]);
colorbar;
set(gcf,'color','w');
xlabel('Doppler (Hz)','FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',10);
ylabel('Delay (sec)','FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',10);
zlabel('Level (dB)','FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',10);
title(['WAF of ',type_name{type_index} ,' Signal'],'FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',10);

figure(2);
% v=[-3,-3];
% contour(delay1,doppler1,mag1,v,'ShowText','on');grid on;%模糊度图
contour(delay1,doppler1,mag1);grid on;%模糊度图
xlabel('Delay (Sec)','FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',10);
ylabel('Doppler (Hz)','FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',10);
title('Contour of AF','FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',10)

figure(3)
subplot(211);
plot(doppler1,mag1(:,floor(length(indext)/2)),'b')
xlabel('Doppler (Hz)','FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',10);
ylabel('Amp','FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',10);
title('Zero Delay','FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',10)
subplot(212)
plot(delay1,mag1(floor(length(indexf)/2),:),'b')
xlabel('Delay (sec)','FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',10);
ylabel('Amp','FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',10);
title('Zero Doppler','FontName','Times New Roman','FontSize',10)

%%
temp=clock;
temp=sum(temp(4:6))*sum(temp(2:3));
temp=round(temp/10);
rand('seed',temp);
%%
plot([0:length(x_alpha)-1]/length(x_alpha)*fs,abs(fft(x_alpha)));
hold on;
plot([0:length(x_alpha2)-1]/length(x_alpha2)*fs,abs(fft(x_alpha2)))

2.模拟退火算法

代码如下：

function  [route_best,Energy_best] = SA_TSP(N,M)
Initial_temp = 1000;
res = 1e-3;                             % 最低温限制
ratio = 0.9;                            % 降温参数，控制温度的下降
temperature = Initial_temp;
Markov_length = 20;                     % 改变解的次数
temp=clock;
temp=sum(temp(4:6))*sum(temp(2:3));
temp=round(temp/10);
rand('seed',temp);
route_new = randi(M, 1, N);                % 新产生的解路线
Energy_current = inf;                   % 当前解的能量
Energy_best = inf;                      % 最优解的能量

route_current = route_new;              % 当前解路线
route_best = route_new;                 % 最优解路线
pic_num = 1;

% 外层while循环控制降温过程，内层for循环控制新解的产生。
while temperature > res
    Energy1=Energy_best;                             % 用于控制循环的结束条件
    for i = 1: Markov_length
        
        % 产生新解(对当前解添加扰动)
        if rand >0.5
            % 两点交换
            a = 0;
            b = 0;
            while (a==b)
                a = randi(N);
                b = randi(N);
            end
            route_new(a) = randi(M);
            route_new(b) = randi(M);
        else
            route_new(randperm(N,3)) = randi(M,1,3);
        end
                
        [Energy_new, ~] = SeqCorr(route_new,N,M);
        % 按照Metroplis准则接收新解
        if Energy_new<Energy_current
            % 更新局部最优
            Energy_current = Energy_new;
            route_current = route_new;
            
            % 更新全局最优
            if Energy_new<Energy_best
                Energy_best=Energy_new;
                route_best = route_new;
            end
            
        else
            if rand<exp(-(Energy_new-Energy_current)/temperature)
                Energy_current = Energy_new;
                route_current = route_new;
            else
                route_new = route_current; % 否则路线不更新，保存更改之前的路线
            end
            
        end
        
    end
    
    hold on;
    stem(route_new,'b')
    drawnow;
    F=getframe(gcf);
    I=frame2im(F);
    [I,map]=rgb2ind(I,256);
    if pic_num == 1
        imwrite(I,map,'TSP.gif','gif', 'Loopcount',inf,'DelayTime',0.2);
    else
        imwrite(I,map,'TSP.gif','gif','WriteMode','append','DelayTime',0.2);
    end
    clf
    hold off
    title(['SA Algorithm for TSP problem: iteration = ',num2str(pic_num)])
    xlabel('N')
%     ylabel('')
    pic_num = pic_num + 1;
    
    if Energy1==Energy_best&&Energy_current==Energy_best
        break
    else
        temperature = temperature*ratio; %降温过程
    end
    
end

3.代价函数

模拟退火算法所优化的目标函数为编码信号的积分旁瓣电平值（ISL）。
代码如下：

function [cost, Correlation] = SeqCorr(route_new, N, M)
code = exp(1i*[1:M]/M*2*pi);
Seq = code(route_new);
Correlation = abs(xcorr(Seq, Seq));
cost = abs(sum(Correlation)-Correlation(N));
end

4.结果图象

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总结

以上是自己基于理解所做的仿真，若有错误，希望大家能指出并一起交流学习。