1.安装(使用脚手架)
// 全局安装koa脚手架
npm i koa-generator -g
//创建koa项目
koa2 项目名
//npm install & npm run dev
设置环境变量
npm i cross-env --save-dev
package.json
{
"name": "server",
"version": "0.1.0",
"private": true,
"scripts": {
"start": "node bin/www",
"dev": "./node_modules/.bin/nodemon bin/www",
"prd": "pm2 start bin/www",
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
},
"dependencies": {
"debug": "^4.1.1",
"koa": "^2.7.0",
"koa-bodyparser": "^4.2.1",
"koa-convert": "^1.2.0",
"koa-json": "^2.0.2",
"koa-logger": "^3.2.0",
"koa-onerror": "^4.1.0",
"koa-router": "^7.4.0",
"koa-static": "^5.0.0",
"koa-views": "^6.2.0",
"pug": "^2.0.3"
},
"devDependencies": {
"cross-env": "^7.0.2",
"nodemon": "^1.19.1"
}
}
在script中的dev和pro中分别添加上开发环境和生成环境。
"dev": "cross-env NODE_ENV=dev ./node_modules/.bin/nodemon bin/www",
"prd": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production pm2 start bin/www",
2.介绍路由
post请求
routes/login.js
const router = require('koa-router')()
router.prefix('/login')
router.post('/', async function (ctx, next) {
const { username, password } = ctx.request.body
ctx.body = {
username,
password
}
})
module.exports = router
在app.js中引入此路由文件及注册
const Koa = require('koa')
const app = new Koa()
const views = require('koa-views')
const json = require('koa-json')
const onerror = require('koa-onerror')
const bodyparser = require('koa-bodyparser')
const logger = require('koa-logger')
const index = require('./routes/index')
const users = require('./routes/users')
const login = require('./routes/login')
// error handler
onerror(app)
// middlewares
app.use(bodyparser({
enableTypes:['json', 'form', 'text']
}))
app.use(json())
app.use(logger())
app.use(require('koa-static')(__dirname + '/public'))
app.use(views(__dirname + '/views', {
extension: 'pug'
}))
// logger
app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
const start = new Date()
await next()
const ms = new Date() - start
console.log(`${ctx.method} ${ctx.url} - ${ms}ms`)
})
// routes
app.use(index.routes(), index.allowedMethods())
app.use(users.routes(), users.allowedMethods())
app.use(login.routes(), login.allowedMethods())
// error-handling
app.on('error', (err, ctx) => {
console.error('server error', err, ctx)
});
module.exports = app
新建登陆路由,前缀是/login,通过ctx.request.body获取post请求传过来的值。
由于使用了koa-body-parser,可直接通过ctx.request.body获取。原因请看《koa基础知识梳理巩固2》
get请求
routes/list.js
const router = require('koa-router')()
router.prefix('/list')
router.get('/', function (ctx, next) {
const query = ctx.query
ctx.body = {
query
}
})
module.exports = router
通过ctx.query获取get请求参数。
3.中间件机制
- 有很多app.use()
- 代码中的 next 参数是什么?
app.use就是注册中间件,next是下一个中间件。
// logger
app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
const start = new Date()
await next()
const ms = new Date() - start
console.log(`${ctx.method} ${ctx.url} - ${ms}ms`)
})