redis持久化

Redis持久化

所谓的持久化就是保持我们的数据不丢失，将数据通常通常保存在我们的硬盘中。在Redis中持久化的方式有两种，一种是快照持久化，一种是AOF持久化，各有各的有缺点，在项目中我们得根据实际的情况来选择具体的持久化方式。

一、Redis持久化之快照（RDB）

1.概念

快照持久化也叫RDB持久化。就是通过拍摄快照的方式来实现持久化，将某个时间的内存数据存储在一个rdb文件中。在redis服务重新启动的时候会加载rdb文件中的数据

2.配置快照持久化

redis中的快照持久化默认是开启的，在redis.conf配置文件中有相关的配置选项

################################ SNAPSHOTTING  ################################
#
# Save the DB on disk:
#
#   save <seconds> <changes>
#
#   Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
#   number of write operations against the DB occurred.
#
#   In the example below the behaviour will be to save:
#   after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
#   after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
#   after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
#
#   Note: you can disable saving completely by commenting out all "save" lines.
#
#   It is also possible to remove all the previously configured save
#   points by adding a save directive with a single empty string argument
#   like in the following example:
#
#   save ""

save 900 1   #900秒内至少有1个key被更改就执行快照
save 300 10  #300内描述至少有10个key被更改就执行快照
save 60 10000  #60秒内至少有10000个key被更改就执行快照

# By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled
# (at least one save point) and the latest background save failed.
# This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting
# on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some
# disaster will happen.
#
# If the background saving process will start working again Redis will
# automatically allow writes again.
#
# However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server
# and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will
# continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk,
# permissions, and so forth.
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes #拍摄快照失败是否继续执行写命令

# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
# For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win.
# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but
# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
rdbcompression yes #是否对快照文件进行压缩

# Since version 5 of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file.
# This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance
# hit to pay (around 10%) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it
# for maximum performances.
#
# RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will
# tell the loading code to skip the check.
rdbchecksum yes #是否进行数据校验

# The filename where to dump the DB
dbfilename dump.rdb #快照文件存储的名称
# The working directory.
#
# The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified
# above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive.
#
# The Append Only File will also be created inside this directory.
#
# Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.
dir ./ #快照文件存储的位置

3.验证快照效果

①、进入安装目录，如果有dump.rdb文件就删除。

②、启动redis,然后添加几个数据，然后关闭redis并退出。如下

[root@hadoop-node01 redis-5.0.3]# src/redis-cli 
127.0.0.1:6379> ping
PONG
127.0.0.1:6379> set name aaa
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set age 18
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> incr age
(integer) 19
127.0.0.1:6379> shutdown
not connected> exit

③、在我们的安装目录下有生成了一个dump.rdb文件，这个就是我们的快照备份文件。

④、再次启动redis,进入发现原来的数据还在，这是因为redis启动的时候加载了备份文件中的数据。

[root@hadoop-node01 redis-5.0.3]# src/redis-server redis.conf 
1211:C 13 Feb 2019 01:27:22.668 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
1211:C 13 Feb 2019 01:27:22.668 # Redis version=5.0.3, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1211, just started
1211:C 13 Feb 2019 01:27:22.668 # Configuration loaded
[root@hadoop-node01 redis-5.0.3]# src/redis-cli 
127.0.0.1:6379> ping 
PONG
127.0.0.1:6379> get name
"aaa"
127.0.0.1:6379> get age
"19"
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "name"
2) "age"

⑤、关闭退出

[root@hadoop-node01 redis-5.0.3]# src/redis-server redis.conf 
1218:C 13 Feb 2019 01:29:01.336 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
1218:C 13 Feb 2019 01:29:01.336 # Redis version=5.0.3, bits=64, commit=00000000,