MySQL数据库操作
一、克隆表
首先先准备个数据表
create database CLASS;
use CLASS;
create table TEST (id int not null,name char(20) not null,cardid varchar(18) not null unique key,primary key (id));
insert into TEST(id,name,cardid) values (1,'zhangsan','123123');
insert into TEST(id,name,cardid) values (2,'lisi','1231231');
insert into TEST(id,name,cardid) values (3,'wangwu','12312312');
select * from TEST;
将数据表的数据记录生成到新的表中
方法一: create table TEST01 like TEST;
select * from TEST01;
desc TEST01;
insert into TEST01 select * from TEST;
select * from TEST01;
方法二:create table TEST02 (select * from TEST);
select * from TEST02;
二、清空表,删除表内的所有数据
方法一:delete from TEST01;
例:create table if not exists TEST03 (id int primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null,cardid varchar(18) not null unique key);
show tables;
insert into TEST03 (name,cardid) values ('zhangsan','11111');
select * from TEST03;
delete from TEST03;
insert into TEST03 (name,cardid) values ('lisi','22222');
select * from TEST03;
方法二: select * from TEST03;
truncate table TEST03;
insert into TEST03 (name,cardid) values ('wangwu','33333');
select * from TEST03;
三、创建临时表
临时表创建成功之后,使用SHOW TABLES命令是看不到创建的临时表的,临时表会在连接退出后被销毁。 如果在退出连接之前,也可以可执行增删改查等操作,比如使用 DROP TABLE 语句手动直接删除临时表。
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE 表名 (字段1 数据类型,字段2 数据类型[,...][,PRIMARY KEY (主键名)]);
例:create temporary table TEST05 (id int not null,name varchar(20) not null,cardid varchar(18) not null unique key,primary key (id));
show tables;
insert into TEST05 values (1,'hahah','123123');
select * from TEST05;
四、创建外键约束
保证数据的完整性和一致性
外键的定义:如果同一个属性字段x在表一中是主键,而在表二中不是主键,则字段x称为表二的外键。
主键表和外键表的理解:
1、以公共关键字作为主键的表为主键表(父表、主表)
2、以公共关键字作为外键的表为外键表(从表、外表)
例:create table TEST04 (hobid int(4),hobname varchar(50));
create table TEST05 (id int(4) primary key auto_increment,name varchar(50),age int(4),hobid int(4));
alter table TEST04 add constraint PK_hobid primary key(hobid);
alter table TEST05 add constraint FK_hobid foreign key(hobid) references TEST04(hobid);
例:添加数据记录
insert into TEST05 values (1,'zhangsan','20',1);
insert into TEST04 values (1,'sleep');
insert into TEST05 values (1,'zhangsan',20,1);
drop table TEST04;
drop table TEST05;
drop table TEST04;
MySQL中6种常见的约束
主键约束 | primary key |
---|---|
外键约束 | foreign key |
非空约束 | not null |
唯一约束 | unique [key |
默认值约束 | default |
自增约束 | auto_increment |
五、数据库用户管理
1、新建用户
CREATE USER '用户名'@'来源地址' [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD] '密码'];
create user 'zhangsan'@'localhost' identified by '123123';
select password('123123');
create user 'lisi'@'localhost' identified by password '*E56A114692FE0DE073F9A1DD68A00EEB9703F3F1';
2、查看用户信息
USE mysql;
SELECT User,authentication_string,Host from user;
3、重命名用户
RENAME USER 'zhangsan'@'localhost' TO 'wangwu'@'localhost';
SELECT User,authentication_string,Host from user;
4、删除用户
DROP USER 'lisi'@'localhost';
SELECT User,authentication_string,Host from user;
5、修改当前登录用户密码
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('abc123');
quit
mysql -u root -p
6、修改其他用户密码
SET PASSWORD FOR 'wangwu'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('abc123');
use mysql;
SELECT User,authentication_string,Host from user;
7、忘记 root 密码的解决办法
方法一:vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
skip-grant-tables #添加,使登录mysql不使用授权表
systemctl restart mysqld
mysql #直接登录
方法二:UPDATE mysql.user SET AUTHENTICATION_STRING = PASSWORD('112233') where user='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
quit
再把 /etc/my.cnf 配置文件里的 skip-grant-tables 删除,并重启 mysql 服务。
mysql -u root -p
112233